{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T08:57:54Z","timestamp":1783673874502,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a monogenic autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and serositis. Colchicine (Col) has a crucial role in the prevention of amyloidosis and FMF attacks. The effect of Col on innate immune cells is based on the inhibition of the microtubule system. The microtubule system is also very important for neurosecretory functions. The inhibitory effect of Col on neurosecretory functions is an overlooked issue. Considering that the neuroimmune cross-talk process plays a role in the development of inflammatory diseases, the effect of Col on the neuronal system becomes important. FMF attacks are related to emotional stress. Therefore, the effect of Col on stress mediators is taken into consideration. In this hypothetical review, we discuss the possible effects of Col on the central nervous systems (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS) in light of mostly experimental study findings using animal models. Studies to be carried out on this subject will shed light on the pathogenesis of FMF attacks and the other possible mechanisms of action of Col apart from the anti-inflammatory features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.834769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T07:46:52Z","timestamp":1645084012000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Hypothesis Regarding Neurosecretory Inhibition of Stress Mediators by Colchicine in Preventing Stress-Induced Familial Mediterranean Fever Attacks"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Cengiz","family":"Korkmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00f6nd\u00fc \u00dcsk\u00fcdar","family":"Cansu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcven Bar\u0131s","family":"Cansu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S91352","article-title":"Familial Mediterranean Fever: Current Perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Sonmez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/s0049-0172(98)80028-0","article-title":"Colchicine: 1998 Update","volume":"28","author":"Ben-Chetrit","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B3","article-title":"Therapeutic Approach to Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Review Update","volume":"29","author":"Ozturk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R28","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2143","article-title":"A Pilot Study of IL-1 Inhibition by Anakinra in Acute Gout","volume":"9","author":"So","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei140","article-title":"Mechanism of the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Colchicine in Rheumatic Diseases: A Possible New Outlook Through Microarray Analysis","volume":"45","author":"Ben-Chetrit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxford)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci-2016-0046","article-title":"Differential Modulation of Innate Immune Response by Epinephrine and Estradiol","volume":"30","author":"Margaryan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.05.034","article-title":"Immunomodulation of Neutrophil-Endothelial Interaction by Inotropes","volume":"41","author":"Trabold","year":"2010","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"B8","article-title":"Colchicine Modulates Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Genes in Neutrophils From Patients With Familial Mediterranean Fever and Healthy Subjects","volume":"27","author":"Manukyan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197411000-00005","article-title":"Familial Mediterranean Fever in Armenians. Analysis of 100 Cases","volume":"53","author":"Schwabe","year":"1974","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-012-2453-x","article-title":"The Factors Considered as Trigger for the Attacks in Patients With Familial Mediterranean Fever","volume":"33","author":"Karadag","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1023038504481","article-title":"Psychosocial Correlates of Incidence of Attacks in Children With Familial Mediterranean Fever","volume":"26","author":"Gidron","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-009-1330-9","article-title":"Depression and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents With Familial Mediterranean Fever","volume":"29","author":"Makay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.211.9","article-title":"Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Reduce the Attack Frequency in Familial Mediterranean Fever","volume":"211","author":"Onat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr460","article-title":"Triggers for Attacks in Familial Mediterranean Fever: Application of the Case-Crossover Design","volume":"175","author":"Yenokyan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B15","article-title":"Triggers for Attacks in Familial Mediterranean Fever: Are There Any Regional or Ethnic Differences","volume":"30","author":"Cebicci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Med Mediterr"},{"key":"B16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Influence of Some Environmental Factors on the Manifestation of Familial Mediterranean Fever in Children: Clinical and Genetic Aspects","volume":"2","author":"Avagyan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Caucasus J Health Sci Public Health"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(64)90119-6","article-title":"Familial Paroxysmal Polyserositis. Analysis of Fifty Cases","volume":"36","author":"Siegal","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(84)92172-x","article-title":"Metaraminol Provocative Test: A Specific Diagnostic Test for Familial Mediterranean Fever","volume":"1","author":"Barakat","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208690","article-title":"EULAR Recommendations for the Management of Familial Mediterranean Fever","volume":"75","author":"Ozen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cb.07.110191.000521","article-title":"Microtubule Dynamics: Mechanism, Regulation, and Function","volume":"7","author":"Gelfand","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Biol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.07.017","article-title":"Mechanism of Action of Colchicine in the Treatment of Gout","volume":"36","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex453","article-title":"Update on Colchicine, 2017","volume":"57","author":"Slobodnick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxford)"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2019.1634049","article-title":"The Power of Positive Stress - a Complementary Commentary","volume":"22","author":"Dhabhar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2014.01.006","article-title":"Autonomic Regulation of Cellular Immune Function","volume":"182","author":"Bellinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1989.257.3.H866","article-title":"Influence of Sympathetic Discharge Pattern on Norepinephrine and Neuropeptide Y Release","volume":"257","author":"Pernow","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-017-0011-7","article-title":"Structure and Dynamics of GPCR Signaling Complexes","volume":"25","author":"Hilger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.115.097857","article-title":"G Protein-Coupled Receptor and RhoA-Stimulated Transcriptional Responses: Links to Inflammation, Differentiation, and Cell Proliferation","volume":"88","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3457","article-title":"Pyrin Inflammasome Activation and RhoA Signaling in the Autoinflammatory Diseases FMF and HIDS","volume":"17","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188108","article-title":"Impact of Chronic and Acute Academic Stress on Lymphocyte Subsets and Monocyte Function","volume":"12","author":"Maydych","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0438019100","article-title":"A Mechanism Converting Psychosocial Stress Into Mononuclear Cell Activation","volume":"100","author":"Bierhaus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.03.011","article-title":"The Effects of Acute Psychological Stress on Circulating Inflammatory Factors in Humans: A Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"21","author":"Steptoe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119825","article-title":"Potential of Ephedrine to Suppress the Gene Expression of TNF-Alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and PGE2: A Novel Approach Towards Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"282","author":"Ahsan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00501","article-title":"Alpha2B-Adrenergic Receptor Regulates Neutrophil Recruitment in MSU-Induced Peritoneal Inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Duan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3014662","article-title":"Immunoregulatory Feedback Between Interleukin-1 and Glucocorticoid Hormones","volume":"233","author":"Besedovsky","year":"1986","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B35","article-title":"Interleukin 1 in the Neuroendocrine System: From Gene to Function","volume":"3","author":"Schettini","year":"1990","journal-title":"Prog Neuroendocrinimmunol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2443979","article-title":"Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-Producing Neurons in the Rat Activated by Interleukin-1","volume":"238","author":"Berkenbosch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2821621","article-title":"Interleukin-1 Stimulates the Secretion of Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor","volume":"238","author":"Sapolsky","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(88)90522-X","article-title":"Systematic Interleukin-1 Administration Stimulates Hypothalamic Norepinephrine Metabolism Parallelling the Increased Plasma Corticosterone","volume":"43","author":"Dunn","year":"1988","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-585-37970-8_8","article-title":"Effects of Cytokines on Cerebral Neurotransmission","volume":"461","author":"Dunn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cytokines stress Depression"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(96)00012-4","article-title":"The Role of Adrenocorticoids as Modulators of Immune Function in Health and Disease: Neural, Endocrine and Immune Interactions","volume":"23","author":"McEwen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5712-03.2004","article-title":"Cell Type-Specific Interleukin-1beta Signaling in the CNS","volume":"24","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608100104","article-title":"NF-\u03bab Activation by the Toll-IL-1 Receptor Domain Protein MyD88 Adapter-Like is Regulated by Caspase-1","volume":"104","author":"Miggin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1690429","article-title":"Eurosterone Meeting. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Autoimmune\/Inflammatory Disease","volume":"169","author":"Sternberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.07.010","article-title":"Understanding the Interaction Between Psychosocial Stress and Immune-Related Diseases: A Stepwise Progression","volume":"21","author":"Kemeny","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-1591(91)90003-s","article-title":"Neurotransmitter Signaling of Cells of the Immune System: Important Progress, Major Gaps","volume":"5","author":"Felten","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02432374","article-title":"Colchicine and the Blood Brain Barrier: Implications for Alzheimer Patients","volume":"12","author":"Matsuyama","year":"1989","journal-title":"Age"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67030988.x","article-title":"Functional Expression of P-Glycoprotein in an Immortalised Cell Line of Rat Brain Endothelial Cells, RBE4","volume":"67","author":"Begley","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0801(199905)13:3<235::AID-BMC827>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Colchicine Poisoning: Report of a Fatal Case With Body Fluid and Post-Mortem Tissue Analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography","volume":"13","author":"Dehon","year":"1999","journal-title":"BioMed Chromatogr"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719201100612","article-title":"Toxicokinetics of Colchicine in Humans: Analysis of Tissue, Plasma and Urine Data in Ten Cases","volume":"11","author":"Rochdi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1982.00340150178031","article-title":"Periodic Meningitis and Familial Mediterranean Fever","volume":"142","author":"Vilaseca","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410080616","article-title":"Mollaret Meningitis: Report of a Case With Recovery After Colchicine","volume":"8","author":"Mora","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902920413","article-title":"Organization of Adrenergic Inputs to the Paraventricular and Supraoptic Nuclei of the Hypothalamus in the Rat","volume":"292","author":"Cunningham","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1973.tb05522.x","article-title":"Evidence for Adrenaline Neurons in the Rat Brain","volume":"89","author":"Hokfelt","year":"1973","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328x(91)90130-p","article-title":"Effect of Reserpine and Colchicine on Neuropeptide mRNA Levels in the Rat Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus","volume":"9","author":"Ceccatelli","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain Res Mol Brain Res"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(94)90069-8","article-title":"Colchicine Injected Into the Anterior Forebrain in Rats Decreases Blood Pressure Without Changing the Responses to Haemorrhage","volume":"34","author":"Abdelmalek","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01946553","article-title":"Colchicine may Interfere With the Axonal Transport of Noradrenaline in the Central Noradrenergic Neurons","volume":"33","author":"Sorimachi","year":"1977","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90553-x","article-title":"Short-Term Effects of Intrahypothalamic Colchicine","volume":"276","author":"Willis","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-8993(99)01057-4","article-title":"Cardiovascular Effects of Catecholamines Injected Into the DBB of Rats, Influence of Urethane Anaesthesia and Local Colchicine","volume":"821","author":"Abdelmalek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.69.2.520","article-title":"Inhibition of Release of Dopamine- -Hydroxylase and Norepinephrine From Sympathetic Nerves by Colchicine, Vinblastine, or Cytochalasin-B (Hypogastric Nerve Stimulation-Exocytosis-Microtubules-Microfilaments-Guinea Pig)","volume":"69","author":"Thoa","year":"1972","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B60","article-title":"A Possible Role of Microtubules in Catecholamine Release From the Adrenal Medulla: Effect of Colchicine, Vinca Alkaloids and Deuterium Oxide","volume":"177","author":"Poisner","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2191177a0","article-title":"New Hypothesis of Insulin Secretion","volume":"219","author":"Lacy","year":"1968","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B62","article-title":"Histamine Release From Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells: Inhibition by Colchicine and Potentiation by Deuterium Oxide","volume":"164","author":"Gillespie","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/newbio238257a0","article-title":"Microtubules in Transcellular Movement of Procollagen","volume":"238","author":"Ehrlich","year":"1972","journal-title":"Nat New Biol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00225526","article-title":"Accumulation of Collagen-Containing Vacuoles in Osteoblasts After Administration of Colchicine","volume":"157","author":"Scherft","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198806303182602","article-title":"Colchicine in the Treatment of Cirrhosis of the Liver","volume":"318","author":"Kershenobich","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15119","article-title":"Efficacy of the Colchicine Add-on Therapy in Patients With Autoimmune Chronic Urticaria","volume":"34","author":"Nabavizadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2011.11.001","article-title":"Evaluation of Various Cardiac Autonomic Indices in Patients With Familial Mediterranean Fever on Colchicine Treatment","volume":"167","author":"Canpolat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1293\/tox.2014-0013","article-title":"Cardiotoxic Changes of Colchicine Intoxication in Rats: Electrocardiographic, Histopathological and Blood Chemical Analysis","volume":"27","author":"Tochinai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-003-0344-x","article-title":"Cardiovascular Reactivity Score for the Assessment of Dysautonomia in Familial Mediterranean Fever","volume":"24","author":"Rozenbaum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"B70","article-title":"Normal Heart Rate Variability in Colchicine-Resistant Familial Mediterranean Fever Patients","volume":"17","author":"Nussinovitch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.5152\/eurjrheumatol.2014.013","article-title":"Heart Rate Variability in Familial Mediterranean Fever Patients","volume":"1","author":"Kaya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.03.004","article-title":"Acute Pediatric Colchicine Toxicity is Associated With Marked Bradydysrhythmias","volume":"55","author":"Mubayed","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2013.720","article-title":"Acute Colchicine Overdose: Report of Three Cases","volume":"65","author":"Aghabiklooei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reumatismo"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0753-3322(89)90165-0","article-title":"Catecholamine Metabolism in Recurrent Hereditary Polyserositis. Pathogenesis of Acute Inflammation: The Retention-Leakage Hypothesis","volume":"43","author":"Barakat","year":"1989","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(88)92893-0","article-title":"Plasma Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase: Rapid Diagnostic Test for Recurrent Hereditary Polyserositis","volume":"2","author":"Barakat","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb773","article-title":"Nucleotide Exchange Factor GEF-H1 Mediates Cross-Talk Between Microtubules and the Actin Cytoskeleton","volume":"4","author":"Krendel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-01-134932","article-title":"The Familial Mediterranean Fever Protein, Pyrin, is Cleaved by Caspase-1 and Activates NF-kappaB Through its N-Terminal Fragment","volume":"112","author":"Chae","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118147","article-title":"Colchicine Alters the Quantitative and Qualitative Display of Selectins on Endothelial Cells and Neutrophils","volume":"96","author":"Cronstein","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2006.03.006","article-title":"Colchicine Today","volume":"73","author":"Niel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01254.x","article-title":"Colchicine Inhibits Cationic Dye Uptake Induced by ATP in P2X2 and P2X7 Receptor-Expressing Cells: Implications for its Therapeutic Action","volume":"163","author":"Marques-da-Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4477","article-title":"Neural Regulation of Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Translation","volume":"20","author":"Pavlov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.177.4054.1116","article-title":"Axotomy Mimicked by Localized Colchicine Application","volume":"177","author":"Pilar","year":"1972","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1996.tb04753.x","article-title":"Oral Absorption Characteristics and Pharmacokinetics of Colchicine in Healthy Volunteers After Single and Multiple Doses","volume":"36","author":"Ferron","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04328.x","article-title":"Colchicine Concentration in Leukocytes of Patients With Familial Mediterranean Fever","volume":"38","author":"Chappey","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1993.161","article-title":"Colchicine Disposition in Human Leukocytes After Single and Multiple Oral Administration","volume":"54","author":"Chappey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05090-8","article-title":"Gout: A Disease Involved With Complicated Immunoinflammatory Responses: A Narrative Review","volume":"39","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04516","article-title":"Gout-Associated Uric Acid Crystals Activate the NALP3 Inflammasome","volume":"440","author":"Martinon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0387-1","article-title":"Neuronal Regulation of Immunity: Why, How and Where","volume":"21","author":"Schiller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa450","article-title":"Familial Mediterranean Fever: The Molecular Pathways From Stress Exposure to Attacks","volume":"59","author":"Korkmaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxford)"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00220108","article-title":"Colchicine Effects on Neurosecretory Neurons and Other Hypothalamic and Hypophysial Cells, With Special Reference to Changes in the Cytoplasmic Membranes","volume":"170","author":"Hindelang-Gertner","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.834769\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T07:47:01Z","timestamp":1645084021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.834769\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2022.834769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.834769","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"article-number":"834769"}}