{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:36:04Z","timestamp":1789058164322,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009967","name":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009967","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013254","name":"National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013254","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , toxoplasmosis has aroused great threats to public health around the world. So far, no effective vaccine or drug is commercially available, and the demands for a safe and effective therapeutic strategy have become more and more urgent. In the current study, we constructed a DNA vaccine encoding\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ribosomal P2 protein (TgP2) and denoted as TgP2-pVAX1 plasmid. To improve the immunoprotection, nanomaterial poly-lactic-\n                    <jats:italic>co<\/jats:italic>\n                    -glycolic acid (PLGA) and chitosan were used as the delivery vehicle to construct TgP2-pVAX1\/PLGA and TgP2-pVAX1\/CS nanospheres. Before vaccinations in BALB\/c mice, TgP2-pVAX1 plasmids were transiently transfected into Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293-T cells, and the expression of the eukaryotic plasmids was detected by laser confocal microscopy and Western blotting. Then the immunoprotection of naked DNA plasmids and their two nano-encapsulations were evaluated in the laboratory animal model. According to the investigations of antibody, cytokine, dendritic cell (DC) maturation, molecule expression, splenocyte proliferation, and T lymphocyte proportion, TgP2-pVAX1 plasmid delivered by two types of nanospheres could elicit a mixed Th1\/Th2 immune response and Th1 immunity as the dominant. In addition, TgP2-pVAX1\/PLGA and TgP2-pVAX1\/CS nanospheres have great advantages in enhancing immunity against a lethal dose of\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    RH strain challenge. All these results suggested that TgP2-pVAX1 plasmids delivered by PLGA or chitosan nanomaterial could be promising vaccines in resisting toxoplasmosis and deserve further investigations and applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.839489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T06:04:17Z","timestamp":1645423457000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Nano vaccines for T. gondii Ribosomal P2 Protein With Nanomaterials as a Promising DNA Vaccine Against Toxoplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"ZhengQing","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WanDi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad 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