{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:16:08Z","timestamp":1785330968834,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19H03700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H03700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease (BD) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, cutaneous inflammation, and uveitis. In addition, other potentially life-threatening lesions may occur in the intestinal tract, blood vessels, and central nervous system. This heterogeneity of the BD phenotype hampers development of a targeted treatment strategy. The pathogenesis of BD is not fully elucidated, but it is likely that genetically susceptible people develop BD in response to environmental factors, such as microbiome factors. Genetic analyses have identified various BD susceptibility loci that function in HLA-antigen presentation pathways, Th1 and Th17 cells, and autoinflammation related to monocytes\/macrophages, or that increase levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduce levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, or act in dysfunctional mucous barriers. Our functional analyses have revealed that impairment of M2 monocyte\/macrophage-mediated anti-inflammatory function through IL-10 is crucial to BD pathogenesis. We, therefore, propose that BD is an M1-dominant disease. In this review, we describe the roles of monocytes and macrophages in BD and consider the potential of these cells as therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.852297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T10:19:08Z","timestamp":1646993948000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The Roles of Monocytes and Macrophages in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease With Focus on M1 and M2 Polarization"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Hirahara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaoru","family":"Takase-Minegishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Kirino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Iizuka-Iribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaro","family":"Soejima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryusuke","family":"Yoshimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1982.01030040433013","article-title":"Close Association of HLA-Bw51 With Behcet\u2019s Disease [Research Support, Non-U.S","volume":"100","author":"Ohno","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gov\u2019t] Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.208","article-title":"Behcet Syndrome: A Contemporary View","volume":"14","author":"Yazici","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e318211bf28","article-title":"Behcet Disease: Evolution of Clinical Manifestations","volume":"90","author":"Ideguchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92643-V","article-title":"International Study Group for Behcet\u2019s Disease. 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