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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Na\u00efve T cell activation in secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes (LNs) occurs upon recognition of cognate antigen presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). T cell activation requires cytoskeleton rearrangement and sustained interactions with APCs. Enabled\/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (Ena\/VASP) proteins are a family of cytoskeletal effector proteins responsible for actin polymerization and are frequently found at the leading edge of motile cells. Ena\/VASP proteins have been implicated in motility and adhesion in various cell types, but their role in primary T cell interstitial motility and activation has not been explored. Our goal was to determine the contribution of Ena\/VASP proteins to T cell\u2013APC interactions, T cell activation, and T cell expansion <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Our results showed that na\u00efve T cells from Ena\/VASP-deficient mice have a significant reduction in antigen-specific T cell accumulation following <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> infection. The kinetics of T cell expansion impairment were further confirmed in Ena\/VASP-deficient T cells stimulated <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> dendritic cell immunization. To investigate the cause of this T cell expansion defect, we analyzed T cell\u2013APC interactions <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> by two-photon microscopy and observed fewer Ena\/VASP-deficient na\u00efve T cells interacting with APCs in LNs during priming. We also determined that Ena\/VASP-deficient T cells formed conjugates with significantly less actin polymerization at the T cell\u2013APC synapse, and that these conjugates were less stable than their WT counterparts. Finally, we found that Ena\/VASP-deficient T cells have less LFA-1 polarized to the T cell\u2013APC synapse. Thus, we conclude that Ena\/VASP proteins contribute to T cell actin remodeling during T cell\u2013APC interactions, which promotes the initiation of stable T cell conjugates during APC scanning. Therefore, Ena\/VASP proteins are required for efficient activation and expansion of T cells <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.856977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T05:20:05Z","timestamp":1654752005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Ena\/VASP Protein-Mediated Actin Polymerization Contributes to Na\u00efve CD8+ T Cell Activation and Expansion by Promoting T Cell\u2013APC Interactions In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Monique M.","family":"Waldman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy T.","family":"Rahkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashton L.","family":"Sigler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey W.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin A. 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