{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:30:19Z","timestamp":1792121419959,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cervicovaginal microbiota plays a key role in the health and reproductive outcomes of women. In reality epidemiological studies have demonstrated that there is an association between the structure of cervicovaginal microbiota and reproductive health, although key mechanistic questions regarding these effects remain unanswered and understanding the interplay between the immune system and the structure of the cervicovaginal microbiota. Here, we review existing literature relating to the potential mechanisms underlying the interaction between vaginal microbes and the immune system; we also describe the\u00a0composition and function of the microbiome and explain the mechanisms underlying the interactions between these microbial communities and various aspects of the immune system. Finally, we also discuss the diseases that are caused by disorders of the reproductive tract and how the immune system is involved. Finally, based on the data presented in this review, the future perspectives in research directions and therapeutic opportunities are explored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.857299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T11:43:21Z","timestamp":1646912601000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Interplay Between Cervicovaginal Microbial Dysbiosis and Cervicovaginal Immunity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ya","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiling","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaikai","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengzheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234","article-title":"Structure, Function and Diversity of the Healthy Human Microbiome","volume":"486","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002611107","article-title":"Vaginal Microbiome of Reproductive-Age Women","author":"Ravel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-092611-150157","article-title":"Vaginal Microbiome: Rethinking Health and Disease","volume":"66","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1089","article-title":"Ecological Dynamics of the Vaginal Microbiome in Relation to Health and Disease","volume":"220","author":"Greenbaum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstetrics Gynecology"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132ra52","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003605","article-title":"Temporal Dynamics of the Human Vaginal Microbiota","volume":"4","author":"Gajer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0600-6","article-title":"Vaginal Microbiome Transplantation in Women With Intractable Bacterial Vaginosis","volume":"25","author":"Lev-Sagie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020266","article-title":"Interplay Among Vaginal Microbiome, Immune Response and Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections","volume":"20","author":"Torcia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fuaa060","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuaa060","article-title":"The Impact of the Fungus-Host-Microbiota Interplay Upon Candida Albicans Infections: Current Knowledge and New Perspectives","volume":"45","author":"d\u2019Enfert","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000626","article-title":"The Vaginal Microbiome as a Tool to Predict IVF Success","volume":"32","author":"Schoenmakers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-016-0368-y","article-title":"Potential Contribution of the Uterine Microbiome in the Development of Endometrial Cancer","volume":"8","author":"Walther-Antonio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12389","article-title":"Analysis of Vaginal and Endometrial Microbiota Communities in Infertile Women With a History of Repeated Implantation Failure","volume":"20","author":"Ichiyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Med Biol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349509008942","article-title":"Mogensen. 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