{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:59:48Z","timestamp":1793318388110,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In aged animals, the physiological functions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are reduced. Dietary intervention is necessary to re-activate GIT functions. The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of dietary combination of quercetin (Q) and vitamin E (VE) on the intestinal structure and barrier integrity in aged breeder chickens. A sum of 400 (65-wks-old) Tianfu breeder hens were randomly allotted into four (4) groups with four (4) replicates, and fed with basal diet; basal diet supplemented with 0.4g\/kg of Q; basal diet supplemented with 0.2g\/kg of VE; and basal diet supplemented with the combination of Q (0.4 g\/kg) and VE (0.2 g\/kg) for 14 weeks. At the end of the 14\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    week, serum and gut segments were collected from eight hens per group for analyses. The results showed that Q+VE exerted synergistic effects on intestinal morphology by promoting villi height and crypt depth (P &amp;lt; 0.05), as well as mitigated the intestinal inflammatory damage of the aged hens, but decreased the concentration of serum D-lactate and diamine oxidase; and increased the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and\n                    <jats:italic>Mucin-2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of intestinal tight junction proteins including\n                    <jats:italic>occludin, ZO1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>claudin-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    was increased by Q+VE (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Moreover, Q+VE decreased the mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory genes (\n                    <jats:italic>TNF-\u03b1, IL-6<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>IL-1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory genes (\n                    <jats:italic>IL-10<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>IL-4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) (P &amp;lt; 0.05). These results were consistent with the mRNA expression of\n                    <jats:italic>Bax<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Bcl-2<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In addition, Q+VE protected the small intestinal tract from oxidative damage by increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, catalase (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and the mRNA expression of\n                    <jats:italic>SOD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>GPx-2.<\/jats:italic>\n                    However, Q+VE decreased malondialdehyde levels in the intestine compared to the control (P &amp;lt; 0.05). These results indicated that dietary Q+VE improved intestinal function in aged breeder hens, by protecting the intestinal structure and integrity. Therefore, Q+VE could act as an anti-aging agent to elevate the physiological functions of the small intestine in chickens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.860889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T12:42:45Z","timestamp":1647866565000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Supplementation of Dietary Quercetin and Vitamin E Promotes the Intestinal Structure and Immune Barrier Integrity in Aged Breeder Hens"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Felix Kwame","family":"Amevor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaxia","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zifan","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youhao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Shuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaofu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1373208","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2017.1373208","article-title":"Intestinal Barrier and Gut Microbiota: Shaping Our Immune Responses Throughout Life","volume":"5","author":"Takiishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i15.1865","article-title":"Unconjugated Bilirubin Alleviates Experimental Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Intestinal Barrier Function and Immune Inflammation","volume":"25","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.169","article-title":"The Intestinal Epithelial Barrier: A Therapeutic Target","volume":"14","author":"Odenwald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i11.3117","article-title":"Tight Junctions in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Associated Colorectal Cancer","volume":"22","author":"Landy","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04062.x","article-title":"Epithelial Tight Junctions in Intestinal Inflammation","volume":"1165","author":"Schulzke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann N.Y. 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