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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>To gain access to the brain, a so-called immune-privileged organ due to its physical separation from the blood stream, pathogens and particularly viruses have been selected throughout evolution for their use of specific mechanisms. They can enter the central nervous system through direct infection of nerves or cerebral barriers or through cell-mediated transport. Indeed, peripheral lymphoid and myeloid immune cells can interact with the blood\u2013brain and the blood\u2013cerebrospinal fluid barriers and allow viral brain access using the \u201cTrojan horse\u201d mechanism. Among immune cells, at the frontier between innate and adaptive immune responses, dendritic cells (DCs) can be pathogen carriers,  regulate or exacerbate antiviral responses and neuroinflammation, and therefore be involved in viral transmission and spread. 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