{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T16:16:26Z","timestamp":1785860186883,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002803","name":"Fondazione Cariplo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are very rare in children, and the characteristics of the T-cells in the IA wall are largely unknown. A comatose 7-years-old child was admitted to our center because of a subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured giant aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery. Two days after the aneurysm clipping the patient was fully awake with left hemiparesis. T-cells from the IA wall and from peripheral blood of this patient were analyzed by multi-dimensional flow cytometry. Unbiased analysis, based on the use of FlowSOM clustering and dimensionality reduction technique UMAP, indicated that there was virtually no overlap between circulating and tissue-infiltrating T-cells. Thus, na\u00efve T-cells and canonical memory T-cells were largely restricted to peripheral blood, while CD4<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>T-cells were strongly enriched in the IA wall. The unique CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD4<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>T-cell clusters from the IA wall expressed high levels of CCR5, Granzyme B and CD69, displaying thus characteristics of cytotoxic and tissue-resident effector cells. Low Ki67 expression indicated that they were nevertheless in a resting state. Among regulatory T-cell subsets, Eomes<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Tr1-like cells were strongly enriched in the IA wall. Finally, analysis of cytokine producing capacities unveiled that the IA wall contained poly-functional T-cells, which expressed predominantly IFN-\u03b3,  TNF and IL-2. CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T-cells co-expressed also CD40L, and produced some IL-17, GM-CSF and IL-10. This report provides to our knowledge the first detailed characterization of the human T-cell compartment in the IA wall.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.866558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T08:11:16Z","timestamp":1654071076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Deep Phenotyping of T-Cells Derived From the Aneurysm Wall in a Pediatric Case of Subarachnoid 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