{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T20:34:01Z","timestamp":1788899641361,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of immobilized antimicrobial peptides on growth performance, serum biochemical index, inflammatory factors, intestinal morphology, and microbial community of weaning piglets. A total of 21 weaning piglets [Duroc \u00d7 (Landrace \u00d7 Yorkshire)] with initial body weight (7.64 \u00b1 0.65 kg) were randomly allocated to one of three treatments with seven replicates (one pig per replicate) per treatment according to sex and weight in randomized complete block design. Pigs in the three treatments were fed corn\u2013soybean meal-based diet (CON), corn\u2013soybean meal based diet + flavomycin (25 mg\/kg) + quinone (50 mg\/kg) (AB), and corn\u2013soybean meal based diet + 1,000 mg\/kg immobilized antimicrobial peptides (IAMPs), respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days, including early stage (0\u201314 days) and late stage (15\u201328 days). The results showed the following: (1) compared with the CON group, the average daily gain in the whole experimental time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) was significantly increased, and the diarrhea rate of weaning piglets was decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01) in the IAMPs group; (2) compared with the CON group, the concentrations of serum IgM and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the IAMPs group were significantly higher than the CON and AB groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01); (3) compared with CON group, the concentrations of serum interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF-\u03b2) were significantly increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), and the concentration of IL-12 was significantly decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) in the IAMPs group; (4) compared with CON group, the concentrations of serum endotoxin and D-lactate of piglets were significantly reduced (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), and the relative expression of ZO-1 and occludin in the jejunum of piglets were significantly increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) in the IAMPs group; (5) compared with the CON group, the villus height of the duodenum and jejunum of weaning piglets in IAMPs and AB groups was significantly increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05); and (6) compared with CON group, the relative abundance of <jats:italic>Escherichia\u2013Shigella<\/jats:italic> in the colon and cecal digesta was decreased. In summary, the addition of 1,000 mg\/kg immobilized antimicrobial peptides in the diet effectively relieved weaning stress by showing improved growth performance, antioxidant and immune capacity, intestinal morphology, and microorganisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.872990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T03:57:24Z","timestamp":1648612644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Effects of Immobilized Antimicrobial Peptides on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Index, Inflammatory Factors, Intestinal Morphology, and Microbial Community in Weaning 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