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IL-34 is constitutively expressed in the healthy human small intestine and colon and its production is markedly increased in damaged gut of patients with Crohn\u2019s disease and patients with ulcerative colitis, the main forms of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in human beings. Circumstantial evidence suggests that, in these pathologies, IL-34 plays a crucial role in mediating cross-talk between immune cells and stromal cells, thereby promoting activation of signalling pathways, which amplify the ongoing mucosal inflammation as well as production of fibrogenic molecules. In this article, we summarize the available data supporting the multiple effects of IL-34 in human IBD with particular attention to the role of the cytokine in immune and stromal cell interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.873332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T06:51:57Z","timestamp":1650610317000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Interleukin-34 Mediates Cross-Talk Between Stromal Cells and Immune Cells in the Gut"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Monteleone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Franz\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Troncone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Maresca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Marafini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31711-1","article-title":"Crohn's Disease","volume":"389","author":"Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32126-2","article-title":"Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"389","author":"Ungaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804647","article-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"361","author":"Abraham","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1106442","article-title":"Immunity, Inflammation, and Allergy in the Gut","volume":"307","author":"Macdonald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0228-5","article-title":"Interrogating Host Immunity to Predict Treatment Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"17","author":"Digby-Bell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317977","article-title":"Immune Cell Trafficking and Retention in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Advances","volume":"68","author":"Zundler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.016","article-title":"Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"140","author":"Strober","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710093371502","article-title":"A Short-Term Study of Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody Ca2 to Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha for Crohn's Disease. 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