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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or anti-PD-ligand (L) 1 drugs, as classic immune checkpoint inhibitors, are considered promising treatment strategies for tumors. In clinical practice, some cancer patients experience drug resistance and disease progression in the process of anti-PD-1\/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play key roles in regulating PD-1\/PD-L1 immunosuppression by inhibiting the recruitment and function of T cells through cytokines, superficial immune checkpoint ligands, and exosomes. There are several therapies available to recover the anticancer efficacy of PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors by targeting TAMs, including the inhibition of TAM differentiation and re-education of TAM activation. In this review, we will summarize the roles and mechanisms of TAMs in PD-1\/PD-L1 blocker resistance. Furthermore, we will discuss the therapies that were designed to deplete TAMs, re-educate TAMs, and intervene with chemokines secreted by TAMs and exosomes from M1 macrophages, providing more potential options to improve the efficacy of PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.874589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T00:32:43Z","timestamp":1651537963000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":292,"title":["Tumor-Associated Macrophages Regulate PD-1\/PD-L1 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