{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:12:37Z","timestamp":1792725157213,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autoimmune neutropenia (AIN) is divided into primary and secondary forms. The former is more prevalent in children and is usually a self-limiting disease. Secondary AIN is more common in adults and often occurs in the setting of another autoimmune disorder or secondary to infections, malignancies or medications. Several viral and bacterial pathogens were described to trigger AIN. Here we report a case of AIN in an adult woman associated with human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case Presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report a case of AIN in an adult woman associated with HHV-6 infection. The patient presented to the emergency department with fever and painful genital ulcers. Upon arrival, her laboratory workup demonstrated severe neutropenia and elevated inflammatory markers. She was hospitalized and underwent a thorough infectious, hematological, autoimmune and inflammatory workup. Malignancy was also excluded using an advanced whole body radiological scan. Serological tests confirmed the presence of both acute and chronic types of HHV-6 antibodies, at very high titers. Polymerase chain reaction demonstrated a numerous copies of the virus in the patient\u2019s blood. Specific immunofluorescence test confirmed the diagnosis of autoimmune neutropenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Secondary AIN is a rare disease that may affect all range of ages. The adult type is a challenging disorder that has different etiologies and may be triggered by a variable infectious pathogen. The finding of HHV-6 as a possible culprit pathogen may warrant physicians into widening the evaluation and include HHV-6 in the analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.880016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T06:15:18Z","timestamp":1652076918000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Autoimmune Neutropenia Associated With HHV-6 Virus Infection: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kobi","family":"Faierstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noya","family":"Shilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asaf","family":"Levartovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Raphael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Givon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Agmon-Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haim","family":"Mayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000000637","article-title":"Autoimmune Neutropenia Updates: Etiology, Pathology, and Treatment","volume":"110","author":"Afzal","year":"2017","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2012.1.174","article-title":"How to Approach Neutropenia","volume":"2012","author":"Boxer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hematol 2010 Am Soc Hematol Educ Progr B"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197510092931505","article-title":"Autoimmune Neutropenia","volume":"293","author":"Boxer","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-013-1902-5","article-title":"Classification of HHV-6A and HHV-6B as Distinct Viruses","volume":"159","author":"Ablashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000592","article-title":"Human Herpesvirus 6 in Transplant Recipients: An Update on Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies","volume":"32","author":"Hill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00122-14","article-title":"Laboratory and Clinical Aspects of Human Herpesvirus 6 Infections","volume":"28","author":"Agut","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.03.006","article-title":"Autoimmune Neutropenia in Adults","volume":"9","author":"Akhtari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-010-1095-x","article-title":"Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia and Autoimmune Neutropenia in a Child With Erythroblastopenia of Childhood (TEC) Caused by Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6)","volume":"90","author":"Yagasaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1532\/IJH97.06064","article-title":"Autoimmune Neutropenia of Infancy With Multiple Brain Abscesses During the Course of Human Herpesvirus-6 Infection","volume":"84","author":"Tokushima-Imayoshi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01418-19","article-title":"Inherited Chromosomally Integrated Human Herpesvirus 6 Demonstrates Tissue-Specific RNA Expression In Vivo That Correlates With an Increased Antibody Immune Response","volume":"94","author":"Peddu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Virol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.880016\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T06:15:20Z","timestamp":1652076920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.880016\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"references-count":10,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2022.880016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.880016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"article-number":"880016"}}