{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:39:12Z","timestamp":1793047152055,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Critical respiratory manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are rare in children, and little is known about how immunocompromised children respond to the infection. We report a case of a 4-year-old boy with activated PI3K delta syndrome type 2 (APDS2) with a protracted and severe COVID-19 course with both inflammatory and acute respiratory features. He was treated with remdesivir, nitazoxanide, high-dose corticosteroids, and tocilizumab and made a full recovery. We propose that remdesivir may be used in combination with nitazoxanide to improve viral clearance and reduce the chance of resistance in treating acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.881259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T15:23:11Z","timestamp":1653924191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Case Report: A Severe Paediatric Presentation of COVID-19 in APDS2 Immunodeficiency"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nuria","family":"Sanchez Clemente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Penner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Breuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winnie","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101287","article-title":"Which Children and Young People are at Higher Risk of Severe Disease and Death After Hospitalisation With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Young People: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Meta-Analysis","volume":"44","author":"Harwood","year":"2022","journal-title":"E Clin Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.11.005","article-title":"Immunocompromised Children and Young People are at No Increased Risk of Severe COVID-19","volume":"84","author":"Chappell","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.20.20107904","article-title":"Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection in Children at a Specialist Centre: Outcome and Implications of Underlying High-Risk Comorbidities in a Paediatric Population","author":"Issitt","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30177-2","article-title":"Ptbnet COVID-19 Study Group. 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