{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T17:45:32Z","timestamp":1780681532953,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>We report two patients with DNA repair disorders (Artemis deficiency, Ataxia telangiectasia) with destructive skin granulomas, presumably triggered by live-attenuated rubella vaccinations. Both patients showed reduced na\u00efve T cells. Rapid resolution of skin lesions was observed following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, the patient with AT died due to complications of severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease 6 month after HSCT. Dried blood spots obtained after birth were available from this patient and showed absent T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs). Therefore, newborn screening may help to prevent patients with moderate T-cell deficiency from receiving live-attenuated rubella vaccine potentially causing granulomas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.886540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T11:45:09Z","timestamp":1654170309000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Case Report: Rubella Virus-Induced Cutaneous Granulomas in Two Pediatric Patients With DNA Double Strand Breakage Repair Disorders \u2013 Outcome After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Baumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes H.","family":"Schulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Gro\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Beier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Wahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britta","family":"Maecker-Kolhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Kaiser-Labusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negin","family":"Karimian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Blume-Peytavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Ghoreschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hagen","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludmila","family":"Perelygina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Klemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Blankenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horst","family":"von Bernuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12573","article-title":"Live Rubella Virus Vaccine Long-Term Persistence as an Antigenic Trigger of Cutaneous Granulomas in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiency","volume":"20","author":"Bodemer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-018-0581-0","article-title":"Rubella Virus-Associated Cutaneous Granulomatous Disease: A Unique Complication in Immune-Deficient Patients, Not Limited to DNA Repair Disorders","volume":"39","author":"Buchbinder","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.796065","article-title":"Rubella Virus Infected Macrophages and Neutrophils Define Patterns of Granulomatous Inflammation in Inborn and Acquired Errors of Immunity","volume":"12","author":"Perelygina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000694","article-title":"Rubella Virus-Associated Chronic Inflammation in Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases","volume":"20","author":"Perelygina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00557","article-title":"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for DNA Double Strand Breakage Repair Disorders","volume":"7","author":"Wolska-Ku\u015bnierz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-021-01378-8","article-title":"EBMT\/ESID Inborn Errors Working Party Guidelines for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Inborn Errors of Immunity","volume":"56","author":"Lankester","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02495","article-title":"Pre-Emptive Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Ataxia Telangiectasia","volume":"9","author":"Bakhtiar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.07.001","article-title":"Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation After Fanconi Anemia Conditioning in Children With Ataxia-Telangiectasia Results in Stable T Cell Engraftment and Lack of Infections Despite Mixed Chimerism","volume":"24","author":"Ussowicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02000","article-title":"Treatment of Granulomas in Patients With Ataxia Telangiectasia","volume":"9","author":"Woelke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-01090-8","article-title":"Simple Measurement of IgA Predicts Immunity and Mortality in Ataxia-Telangiectasia","volume":"41","author":"Zielen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-019-00642-3","article-title":"Life-Threatening Infections Due to Live-Attenuated Vaccines: Early Manifestations of Inborn Errors of Immunity","volume":"39","author":"P\u00f6yh\u00f6nen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12771","article-title":"Life-Threatening Systemic Rotavirus Infection After Vaccination in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)","volume":"28","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.02.036","article-title":"Outcome of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Disorders","volume":"141","author":"Slack","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.886540\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T11:45:13Z","timestamp":1654170313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.886540\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"references-count":13,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2022.886540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.886540","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"article-number":"886540"}}