{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T04:19:29Z","timestamp":1792556369594,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20 GM104420 , P20 GM103397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20 GM104420 , P20 GM103397"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rhinoviruses (RV) have been shown to inhibit subsequent infection by heterologous respiratory viruses, including influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To better understand the mechanisms whereby RV protects against pulmonary coronavirus infection, we used a native murine virus, mouse hepatitis virus strain 1 (MHV-1), that causes severe disease in the lungs of infected mice. We found that priming of the respiratory tract with RV completely prevented mortality and reduced morbidity of a lethal MHV-1 infection. Replication of MHV-1 was reduced in RV-primed mouse lungs although expression of antiviral type I interferon, IFN-\u03b2, was more robust in mice infected with MHV-1 alone. We further showed that signaling through the type I interferon receptor was required for survival of mice given a non-lethal dose of MHV-1. RV-primed mice had reduced pulmonary inflammation and hemorrhage and influx of leukocytes, especially neutrophils, in the airways upon MHV-1 infection. Although MHV-1 replication was reduced in RV-primed mice, RV did not inhibit MHV-1 replication in coinfected lung epithelial cells <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. In summary, RV-mediated priming in the respiratory tract reduces viral replication, inflammation, and tissue damage, and prevents mortality of a pulmonary coronavirus infection in mice. These results contribute to our understanding of how distinct respiratory viruses interact with the host to affect disease pathogenesis, which is a critical step in understanding how respiratory viral coinfections impact human health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.886611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T06:57:37Z","timestamp":1654066657000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Priming With Rhinovirus Protects Mice Against a Lethal Pulmonary Coronavirus Infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Garrison","family":"Cox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres J.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel C.","family":"Ijezie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig R.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James T.","family":"Van Leuven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya A.","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1475","article-title":"Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Public Health Measures on Detections of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children During the 2020 Australian Winter","volume":"72","author":"Yeoh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1906","article-title":"The Interseasonal Resurgence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Australian Children Following the Reduction of Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Public Health Measures","volume":"73","author":"Foley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab606\/6507738","article-title":"Understanding the Potential Drivers for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Rebound During the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"225","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13122528","article-title":"Incidence and Outcome of Coinfections With SARS-CoV-2 and Rhinovirus","volume":"13","author":"Le Glass","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27180","article-title":"Rhinovirus Spread in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic Despite Social Restrictions\u2014A Nationwide Register Study in Finland","volume":"93","author":"Kuitunen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.09.021","article-title":"Virus Interference. 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