{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T20:40:30Z","timestamp":1782160830888,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u00a0regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in preventing autoimmunity and inflammation. There are naturally-derived in the thymus (tTreg), generated extrathymically in the periphery (pTreg), and induced <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> culture (iTreg) with different characteristics of suppressiveness, stability, and plasticity. There is an abundance of published data on neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1) as a tTreg marker, but little data exist on iTreg. The fidelity of Nrp-1 as a tTreg marker and its role in iTreg remains to be explored. This study found that Nrp-1 was expressed by a subset of Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells in the central and peripheral lymphoid organs in intact mice, as well as in iTreg. Nrp-1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>iTreg and Nrp-1<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>iTreg were adoptively transferred into a T cell-mediated colitis model to determine their ability to suppress inflammation. Differences in gene expression between Nrp-1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and Nrp-1<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>iTreg were analyzed by RNA sequencing. We demonstrated that the Nrp-1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> subset of the iTreg exhibited enhanced suppressive function and stability compared to the Nrp-1<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup> counterpart both <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, partly depending on IL-10. We found that Nrp-1 is not an exclusive marker of tTreg, however, it is a biomarker identifying a new subset of iTreg with enhanced suppressive function, implicating a potential for Nrp-1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>iTreg cell therapy for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.900139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T07:22:09Z","timestamp":1651648929000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Neuropilin-1 Identifies a New Subpopulation of TGF-\u03b2-Induced Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells With Potent Suppressive Function and Enhanced Stability During Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Weiqian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weishan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youqiu","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jilin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avery","family":"August","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song 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