{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:01:11Z","timestamp":1792112471494,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Growing data indicate that many immune cells are involved in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the immunological roles of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in the initiation and progression of CAD are not fully understood. Here, we used flow cytometry to determine phenotypical changes of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and their subpopulations in peripheral blood samples collected from 37 CAD patients. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between the clinical parameter (serum LDL-C level) and the changes of immunophenotypes of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells. Our results demonstrated that the frequencies and absolute numbers of total \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and V\u03b42<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells were significantly decreased in CAD patients when compared to healthy individuals. However, the proportion of V\u03b41<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells was much lower in CAD patients than that of healthy individuals. Most importantly, a significant alteration of the V\u03b41\/V\u03b42 ratio was found in CAD patients. In addition, a series of surface markers that are associated with costimulatory signals (CD28, CD40L, CD80, CD86), activation levels (CD69, CD25, HLA-DR), activating NK cell receptors (NKp30, NKp46, NKG2D) and inhibitory receptors (PD-1, CTLA-4, PD-1, Tim-3) were determined and then analyzed in the total \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, V\u03b42<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells and V\u03b42<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>T cells of CAD patients and healthy individuals. The data demonstrated that immunological activities of total \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, V\u03b42<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells, and V\u03b42<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>T cells of CAD patients were much lower than those in healthy individuals. Moreover, we found that there were positive correlations between the serum LDL-C levels and frequencies of CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u03b3\u03b4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, CD69<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>V\u03b42<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells, NKG2D<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>V\u03b42<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells, and NKp46<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>V\u03b42<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells. By contrast, there was an inverse correlation between the levels of serum LDL-C and the frequencies of CD69<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>V\u03b42<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>T cells and NKp46<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>V\u03b42<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>T cells. Accordingly, these findings could help us to better understand the roles of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in the CAD, and shed light on the development of novel diagnostic techniques and therapeutic strategies by targeting \u03b3\u03b4 T cells for CAD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.900334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T04:27:16Z","timestamp":1657254436000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Phenotypic Changes of Peripheral \u03b3\u03b4 T Cell and Its Subsets in Patients With Coronary Artery 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