{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:18:34Z","timestamp":1793330314848,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cells have been reported to participate to the immune response against infectious diseases such as the Q fever caused by <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> infection. Indeed, the number and proportion of V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cells are increased during the acute phase of Q fever. Human V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cell responses are triggered by phosphoantigens (pAgs) produced by pathogens and malignant cells, that are sensed <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> the membrane receptors butyrophilin-3A1 (BTN3A1) and -2A1 (BTN2A1). Here, by using CRISPR-Cas9 inactivation in THP-1 cells, we show that BTN3A and BTN2A are required to V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cell response to <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> infection, though not directly involved in the infection process. Furthermore, <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>-infected monocytes display increased BTN3A and BTN2A expression and induce V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cell activation that can be inhibited by specific antagonist mAb. More importantly, we show that the antimicrobial functions of V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cells towards <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> are enhanced in the presence of an BTN3A activating antibody. This supports the role of V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cells in the control of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> infection and argues in favor of targeting these cells as an alternative treatment strategy for infectious diseases caused by intracellular bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.915244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T15:19:04Z","timestamp":1656343144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["BTN3A Targeting V\u03b39V\u03b42 T Cells Antimicrobial Activity Against Coxiella burnetii-Infected Cells"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Laetitia","family":"Gay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soraya","family":"Mezouar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Foucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Gabriac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Fullana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loui","family":"Madakamutil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Louis","family":"M\u00e8ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Olive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2012.46\"10.1038\/cmi.2012.46","article-title":"Multifunctional Immune Responses of HMBPP-Specific V\u03b32v\u03b42 T Cells in M. 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