{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:20:14Z","timestamp":1790630414292,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous observational studies have found an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psoriasis. Using the mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we aim to determine whether there was a causal association between IBD and psoriasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a two-sample MR with the genetic instruments identified for IBD and its main subtypes, Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 25,042 cases with an IBD diagnosis and 34,915 controls. Summarized data for psoriasis were obtained from different GWAS studies which included 4510 cases and 212,242 controls without psoriasis. Causal estimates are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall outcome of MR analysis was to demonstrate that genetic predisposition to IBD was associated with an increased risk of psoriasis (OR: 1.1271; 95% CI: 1.0708 to 1.1864). Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) had a significant association with total IBD (OR: 1.1202; 95% CI: 1.0491 to 1.1961). Casual relationship was also identified for CD-psoriasis (OR: 1.1552; 95% CI: 1.0955 to 1.2182) and CD-PsA (OR: 1.1407; 95% CI: 1.0535 to 1.2350). The bidirectional analysis did not demonstrate that a genetic predisposition to psoriasis was associated with total IBD, although psoriasis showed association with CD (OR: 1.2224; 95% CI: 1.1710 to 1.2760) but not with UC. A genetic predisposition to PsA had a borderline association with IBD (OR: 1.0716; 95% CI: 1.0292 to 1.1157) and a suggestive association with CD (OR: 1.0667; 95% CI: 1.0194 to 1.1162).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There appears to be a causal relationship between IBD and psoriasis, especially for PsA, but for psoriasis and IBD, only total psoriasis and PsA were associated with CD. Understanding that specific types of psoriasis and IBD constitute mutual risk factors facilitates the clinical management of two diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.916645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T01:22:08Z","timestamp":1654824128000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Causal Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Psoriasis: A Two-Sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yajia","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhuang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32549-6","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"397","author":"Griffiths","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m1590","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1590","article-title":"National, Regional, and Worldwide Epidemiology of Psoriasis: Systematic Analysis and Modelling Study","volume":"369","author":"Parisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61128-3","article-title":"Pathogenesis and Clinical Features of Psoriasis","volume":"370","author":"Griffiths","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2016.12.002","article-title":"Epigenetics of Psoriatic Disease: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal","volume":"78","author":"Pollock","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.07.064","article-title":"Psoriasis and Comorbid Diseases: Epidemiology","volume":"76","author":"Takeshita","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39494","article-title":"The Incidence and Risk Factors for Psoriatic Arthritis in Patients With Psoriasis: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"68","author":"Eder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.08.011","article-title":"Psoriasis and Mortality in the United States: Data From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"85","author":"Semenov","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12505","article-title":"Sleep Quality in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"20","author":"Gezer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13657","article-title":"The Incidence of Extra-Articular Manifestations in Southern Chinese Patients With Inflammatory Joint Diseases","volume":"22","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13473","article-title":"Disease Activity and Functional Status Associated With Health-Related Quality of Life and Patient-Acceptable Symptom State in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis in Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"22","author":"Chiowchanwisawakit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.3631","article-title":"Association of Psoriasis With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"154","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz152","article-title":"Global Prevalence and Bidirectional Association Between Psoriasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"14","author":"Alinaghi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983902","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/983902","article-title":"Correlations Between Psoriasis and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"2013","author":"Skroza","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.02.020","article-title":"Combined Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Crohn Disease and Psoriasis Identifies Seven Shared Susceptibility Loci","volume":"90","author":"Ellinghaus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41960","article-title":"Consideration of Confounders, Accuracy of Diagnosis, and Disease Severity in Assessing the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients With Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis\/Ankylosing Spondylitis Beginning Interleukin-7 Inhibitor Treatment: Comment on the Article by Penso Et al","volume":"74","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13879","article-title":"Psoriatic Arthritis: A Systematic Review of non-HLA Genetic Studies and Important Signaling Pathways","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab744","article-title":"Comment on: Incidence of Extra-Articular Manifestations in Ankylosing Spondylitis, Psoriatic Arthritis and Undifferentiated Spondyloarthritis: Results From a National Register-Based Cohort Study","volume":"61","author":"Gau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxford)"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.08.026","article-title":"Recommendations for Psoriatic Arthritis Management: A Joint Position Paper of the Taiwan Rheumatology Association and the Taiwanese Association for Psoriasis and Skin Immunology","volume":"120","author":"Tsai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21758","article-title":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis With Multiple Genetic Variants Using Summarized Data","volume":"37","author":"Burgess","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3034","article-title":"Mendelian Randomization: Using Genes as Instruments for Making Causal Inferences in Epidemiology","volume":"27","author":"Lawlor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg070","article-title":"'Mendelian Randomization': Can Genetic Epidemiology Contribute to Understanding Environmental Determinants of Disease","volume":"32","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k601","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k601","article-title":"Reading Mendelian Randomisation Studies: A Guide, Glossary, and Checklist for Clinicians","volume":"362","author":"Davies","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B23","unstructured":"R9 Results of Genome-Wide Association Analyses in FinnGen Consortium2022"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.05.004","article-title":"The Bidirectional Causal Relationships of Insomnia With Five Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Mendelian Randomization Study","volume":"60","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0152-6","article-title":"Genome-Wide Association Meta-Analysis in 269,867 Individuals Identifies New Genetic and Functional Links to Intelligence","volume":"50","author":"Savage","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.727475","article-title":"Childhood Obesity and Risk of Stroke: A Mendelian Randomisation Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.02.020","article-title":"Effect of Naturally Random Allocation to Lower Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol on the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Mediated by Polymorphisms in NPC1L1, HMGCR, or Both: A 2 \u00d7 2 Factorial Mendelian Randomization Study","volume":"65","author":"Ference","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(19)30059-7","article-title":"From GWAS to PheWAS: The Search for Causality in Big Data","volume":"1","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","article-title":"Consistent Estimation in Mendelian Randomization With Some Invalid Instruments Using a Weighted Median Estimator","volume":"40","author":"Bowden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx102","article-title":"Robust Inference in Summary Data Mendelian Randomization via the Zero Modal Pleiotropy Assumption","volume":"46","author":"Hartwig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","article-title":"Mendelian Randomization With Invalid Instruments: Effect Estimation and Bias Detection Through Egger Regression","volume":"44","author":"Bowden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0255-x","article-title":"Interpreting Findings From Mendelian Randomization Using the MR-Egger Method","volume":"32","author":"Burgess","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/19-AOS1866","article-title":"Statistical Inference in Two-Sample Summary-Data Mendelian Randomization Using Robust Adjusted Profile Score","volume":"48","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","article-title":"Detection of Widespread Horizontal Pleiotropy in Causal Relationships Inferred From Mendelian Randomization Between Complex Traits and Diseases","volume":"50","author":"Verbanck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy185","article-title":"Invited Commentary: Detecting Individual and Global Horizontal Pleiotropy in Mendelian Randomization-A Job for the Humble Heterogeneity Statistic","volume":"187","author":"Bowden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-017-0128-6","article-title":"Recent Developments in Mendelian Randomization Studies","volume":"4","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Epidemiol Rep"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.22295","article-title":"A Comparison of Robust Mendelian Randomization Methods Using Summary Data","volume":"44","author":"Slob","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18236","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Using Mendelian Randomization: The STROBE-MR Statement","volume":"326","author":"Skrivankova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9129","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21239129","article-title":"Changes in the Physicochemical Properties of Blood and Skin Cell Membranes as a Result of Psoriasis Vulgaris and Psoriatic Arthritis Development","volume":"21","author":"Dobrzy\u0144ska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20110","article-title":"Genome-Wide Gene Expression Differences in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis From Endoscopic Pinch Biopsies: Insights Into Distinctive Pathogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflammation Bowel Dis"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-030409-101225","article-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"28","author":"Kaser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020831","article-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"347","author":"Podolsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.141598","article-title":"Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Psoriatic Arthritis in Japan","volume":"42","author":"Ohara","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13984","article-title":"Differential Diagnosis of Psoriatic Arthritis in Daily Practice. 22nd Asia-Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology (APLAR), Virtual Congress, 24-29 October 2020","volume":"23","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.916645\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T01:22:15Z","timestamp":1654824135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.916645\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2022.916645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.916645","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"article-number":"916645"}}