{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T06:50:22Z","timestamp":1793083822269,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The primary goal of vaccines that protect against respiratory viruses appears to be the induction of neutralizing antibodies for a long period. Although this goal need not be changed, recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have drawn strong attention to another arm of acquired immunity, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, which are also called killer T cells. Recent evidence accumulated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed that even variants of SARS-CoV-2 that escaped from neutralizing-antibodies that were induced by either infection or vaccination could not escape from CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell-mediated immunity. In addition, although traditional vaccine platforms, such as inactivated virus and subunit vaccines, are less efficient in inducing CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, newly introduced platforms for SARS-CoV-2, namely, mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines, can induce strong CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell-mediated immunity in addition to inducing neutralizing antibodies. However, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells function locally and need to be at the site of infection to control it. To fully utilize the protective performance of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, it would be insufficient to induce only memory cells circulating in blood, using injectable vaccines; mucosal immunization could be required to set up CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells for the optimal protection. CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells might also contribute to the pathology of the infection, change their function with age and respond differently to booster vaccines in comparison with antibodies. Herein, we overview cutting-edge ideas on CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell-mediated immunity that can enable the rational design of vaccines for respiratory viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.918611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T07:02:28Z","timestamp":1655190148000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Considerations of CD8+ T Cells for Optimized Vaccine Strategies Against Respiratory 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