{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T15:24:11Z","timestamp":1790522651335,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRR 130 (project 12 to REV), SFB 1160 (project 12 to REV and A. Triantafyllopoulou), SFB 1181 ( project A01 to Georg Schett and Aline Bozec)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRR 130 (project 12 to REV), SFB 1160 (project 12 to REV and A. Triantafyllopoulou), SFB 1181 ( project A01 to Georg Schett and Aline Bozec)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The angiotensin AT\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor (AT\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    R) is a main receptor of the protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system and exerts for instance anti-inflammatory effects. The impact of AT\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    R stimulation on autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not yet known. We investigated the therapeutic potential of AT\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    R-stimulation with the selective non-peptide AT\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    R agonist Compound 21 (C21) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), an animal model for inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis was induced by immunization of DBA\/1J mice with collagen type II (CII). Prophylactic and therapeutic C21 treatment alleviates arthritis severity and incidence in CIA. Joint histology revealed significantly less infiltrates of IL-1 beta and IL-17A expressing cells and a well-preserved articular cartilage in C21- treated mice. In CIA, the number of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD25\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    FoxP3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    regulatory T (Treg) cells significantly increased upon C21 treatment compared to vehicle. T cell differentiation experiments demonstrated increased expression of FoxP3 mRNA, whereas IL-17A, STAT3 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression were reduced upon C21 treatment. In accordance with the mRNA data, C21 upregulated the percentage of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    FoxP3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells in Treg polarizing cultures compared to medium-treated controls, whereas the percentage of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    IL-17A\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    IFN-gamma\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells was suppressed. To conclude, C21 exerts beneficial effects on T cell-mediated experimental arthritis. We found that C21-induced AT\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    R-stimulation promotes the expansion of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    regulatory T cells and suppresses IL-17A production. Thus, AT\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    R-stimulation may represent an attractive treatment strategy for arthritis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.921488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T03:05:00Z","timestamp":1657249500000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Angiotensin AT2 Receptor Stimulation Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Upregulation of Regulatory T Cell 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