{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T03:27:22Z","timestamp":1772249242301,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypersplenism (HS) is a concomitant symptom of liver or blood disease. Not only does the treatment of HS face challenges, but the transcriptome of individual cells is also unknown. Here, the transcriptional profiles of 43,037 cells from four HS tissues and one control tissue were generated by the single-cell RNA sequencing and nine major cell types, including T-cells, B-cells, NK cells, hematopoietic stem cells, neutrophil cells, mast cells, endothelial cells, erythrocytes, and dendritic cells were identified. Strikingly, the main features were the lack of <jats:italic>CCL5<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B-cells in HS and the presence of <jats:italic>SESN1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells in HS with hepatocellular carcinoma (HS-HCC). In cell-cell interaction analysis, CD74-COPA and CD94-HLA-E in HS were found to be up-regulated. We further explored HS-specifically enriched genes (such as <jats:italic>FKBP5<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ADAR<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>RPS4Y1<\/jats:italic>) and found that <jats:italic>FKBP5<\/jats:italic> was highly expressed in HCC-HS, leading to immunosuppression. Taken together, this research provides new insights into the genetic characteristics of HS <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> comprehensive single-cell transcriptome analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.921900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T04:37:20Z","timestamp":1656995840000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Single-cell RNA Sequencing Analysis Reveals New Immune Disorder Complexities in Hypersplenism"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hai-chao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang-zhou","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huang-qin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-xiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao-liang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie-feng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/bega.2000.0144","article-title":"Splenomegaly, Hypersplenism and Coagulation Abnormalities in Liver Disease","volume":"14","author":"McCormick","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bailliere's Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.13.020162.001015","article-title":"Hypersplenism","volume":"109","author":"Crosby","year":"1962","journal-title":"Medical Times"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9065845","article-title":"Safety of Simultaneous Hepatectomy and Splenectomy in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Complicated With Hypersplenism: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"2019","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3683","article-title":"Hypersplenism: History and Current Status","volume":"12","author":"Lv","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.185.281","article-title":"Splenomegaly in 2,505 Patients at a Large University Medical Center From 1913 to 1995. 1963 to 1995: 449 Patients","volume":"169","author":"O'Reilly","year":"1998","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2011.11.008","article-title":"Hypersplenism Due to Portal Hypertension: Retrospective Evaluation of 17 Patients Treated by Splenic Embolization","volume":"93","author":"Petermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Imaging"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.019","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"69","year":"2018"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.10111","article-title":"Long-Term Hematological and Biochemical Effects of Partial Splenic Embolization in Hepatic Cirrhosis","volume":"49","author":"Tajiri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-002-0342-6","article-title":"Alwmark A. 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