{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:21:35Z","timestamp":1779888095581,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing evidence supports a critical role of chronic inflammation in intracranial aneurysm (IA). Understanding how the immunological alterations in IA provides opportunities for targeted treatment. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and detailed characterization of the changes in circulating immune cells in IA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To perform a comprehensive and detailed characterization of the changes in circulating immune cells in patients with IA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from IA patients (n = 26) and age-and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 20) were analyzed using high dimensional mass cytometry, and the frequency and phenotype of immune cell subtypes were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 28 cell clusters and found that the immune signature of IA consists of cluster changes. IA patients exhibited dysfunction of immunity, with dysregulation of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T-cell clusters, increased B cells and monocytes, and decreased CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, DNT cells, and DPT cells. Moreover, compared with findings in HC, IA was associated with enhanced lymphocyte and monocyte immune activation, with a higher expression of HLA-DR, CXCR3, and CX3CR1. In addition, the expression of TLR4, p-STAT3, and the exhaustion marker PD1 was increased in T cells, B cells, and NK cells in IA patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data provide an overview of the circulating immune cell landscape of IA patients, and reveal that the dysfunction of circulating immunity may play a potential role in the development of IA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.922000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T06:06:48Z","timestamp":1656310008000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["High-Dimensional Immune Profiling by Mass Cytometry Revealed the Circulating Immune Cell Landscape in Patients With Intracranial 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