{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T16:55:45Z","timestamp":1767372945037,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, vasculopathy and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Treatment with autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for progressive SSc has improved overall and event-free survival rates significantly, but unfortunately disease progression after HCT is seen in a subset of patients. Data on the efficacy and safety of second HCT is scarce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present a patient with diffuse cutaneous SSc and associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) who successfully underwent a second HCT for progressive disease five years after a first HCT. We describe changes in skin involvement and pulmonary involvement as well as the changes observed in sequential nailfold microcapillaroscopy (NCM), performed from first presentation up to this moment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case adds to the current limited literature on efficacy and safety of a second HCT in SSc refractory cases. Furthermore it outlines the potential of HCT on amelioration of microvasculopathy in SSc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.925776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T06:14:04Z","timestamp":1669184044000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Case report: A successful second autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in refractory systemic sclerosis, with positive effect on skin involvement, pulmonary function and microcirculation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"D.A.","family":"Haverkort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.E.","family":"Kersten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"van 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