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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brucellosis, caused by <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp., is one of the most widespread bacterial zoonoses worldwide. Vaccination is still considered the best way to control brucellosis. An investigation into the differential proteome expression patterns of wild and vaccine strains may help researchers and clinicians differentiate between the strains to diagnose and better understand the mechanism(s) underlying differences in virulence. In the present study, a mass spectrometry-based, label-free relative quantitative proteomics approach was used to investigate the proteins expressed by the wild strain, <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> biovar 3 and compare it with those expressed by <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> M5-90. The higher level of virulence for <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> biovar 3 compared to <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> M5-90 was validated <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. A total of 2133 proteins, encompassing 68% of the theoretical proteome, were identified and quantified by proteomic analysis, resulting in broad coverage of the <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> proteome. A total of 147 proteins were identified as differentially expressed (DE) between these two strains. In addition, 9 proteins and 30 proteins were identified as unique to <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> M5-90 and <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> biovar 3, respectively. Pathway analysis revealed that the majority of the DE proteins were involved in iron uptake, quorum sensing, pyrimidine metabolism, glycine betaine biosynthetic and metabolic processes, thiamine-containing compound metabolism and ABC transporters. The expression of BtpA and VjbR proteins (two well-known virulence factors) in <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> biovar 3 was 8-fold and 2-fold higher than in <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> M5-90. In summary, our results identified many unique proteins that could be selected as candidate markers for differentiating vaccinated animals from animals with wild-type infections. BtpA and VjbR proteins might be responsible for the residual virulence of <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic> M5-90, while ABC transporters and thiamine metabolism associated proteins may be newly identified <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> virulence factors. All of the identified DE proteins provide valuable information for the development of vaccines and the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.929040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T04:38:40Z","timestamp":1658205520000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Using a Relative Quantitative Proteomic Method to Identify Differentially Abundant Proteins in Brucella melitensis Biovar 3 and Brucella melitensis M5-90"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Huan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiwang","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongchen","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ningning","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingguo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honghuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihai","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanzhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinliang","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuangfu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2009.036","article-title":"Virulence Factors and Their Mechanisms of Action: The View From a Damage-Response Framework","author":"Casadevall","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Water Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005692","article-title":"Caprine Brucellosis: A Historically Neglected Disease With Significant Impact on Public Health","volume":"11","author":"Rossetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B3","article-title":"Brucellosis: A Highly Infectious Zoonosis of Public Health and Economic Importance","volume":"3","author":"Berhanu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Environ Health Sci Eng"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1001-1889.2008.06.008","article-title":"National Brucellosis Intervention Pilot County Survey on the Economic Losses","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin J Control Endemic Dis"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2604.190833","article-title":"Brucella Melitensis in Asian Badgers, Northwestern China","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.03.021","article-title":"Brucella Melitensis and B. 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