{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T08:28:36Z","timestamp":1793521716701,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as diagnostic markers, biomarkers of neoplastic progression, and possible therapeutic targets in several immune-mediated diseases. We aimed to analyze the expression profile of selected miRNAs (miR21, miR142, miR223, miR155) in patients with autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG), patients with non-autoimmune multifocal atrophic gastritis (MAG), and healthy control subjects (HC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 103 patients with AAG were consecutively recruited for this study among those attending our gastroenterology outpatient clinic. Participating patients were divided into two groups: primary, not Helicobacter pylori (HP)-associated related AAG (n=57, P-AAG) and HP-associated AAG (n=46, HP-AAG); this subgroup included HP-positive patients, patients with previously reported HP\u00a0infection, and patients harboring antral atrophy, considered as a stigma of HP infection. We also included 20 sex-age-matched MAG patients and 10 HC. Upper endoscopy with gastric biopsies were performed on each AAG and MAG patient. Circulating levels of miR21-5p, miR142-3p, miR223-3p, and miR155-5p were measured by RT-PCR in all groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>MiR-21 was over-expressed in P-AAG (p=0.02), HP-AAG (p = 0.04), and MAG (p=0.03) compared with HC. By contrast, miR-142 was more expressed in HC than in HP-AAG (p=0.04) and MAG (p=0.03). MiR-155 showed no significant differences among the four subgroups, while, unexpectedly, miR-223 was overexpressed in HC compared to P-AAG (p=0.01), HP-AAG (p=0.003), and MAG (p&amp;lt;0.001), and was higher in P-AAG than in MAG (p=0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>MiR-21 was over-expressed in patients with gastric precancerous conditions irrespective of etiology, while in the same subgroups miR-142 and miR-223 were under-expressed compared to healthy controls. Controlling miRNAs up- or downregulation could lead to a breakthrough in treating chronic autoimmune diseases and potentially interfere with the progression to cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.930989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]],"date-time":"2022-07-23T07:24:37Z","timestamp":1658561077000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis: The Role of miRNA in Relation to Helicobacter Pylori Infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Zingone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Pilotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romilda","family":"Cardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Maddalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costanza","family":"Orlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Fassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Marsilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Collesei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Pelizzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Farinati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0187-8","article-title":"Autoimmune Gastritis","volume":"6","author":"Lenti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.08.011","article-title":"The Changing Face of Chronic Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis: An Updated Comprehensive Perspective","volume":"18","author":"Massironi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-12-1343","article-title":"Gastric Parietal Cell Antibodies, Helicobacter Pylori Infection, and Chronic Atrophic Gastritis: Evidence From a Large Population-Based Study in Germany","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2012.06.004","article-title":"Factors Associated With Parietal Cell Autoantibodies in the General Population","volume":"147","author":"Cabrera de Le\u00f3n","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0931","article-title":"Prevalence of Chronic Atrophic Gastritis in Different Parts of the World","volume":"15","author":"Weck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.03.025","article-title":"Polyautoimmunity in Autoimmune Gastritis","volume":"31","author":"Kalkan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030530","article-title":"Molecular Mimicry Between Helicobacter Pylori Antigens and H+, K+ \u2013Adenosine Triphosphatase in Human Gastric Autoimmunity","volume":"198","author":"Amedei","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2007.00467.x","article-title":"Caga and VacA are Immunoblot Markers of Past Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Atrophic Body Gastritis","volume":"12","author":"Annibale","year":"2007","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2003.00187.x","article-title":"Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Gastric Autoimmune Diseases: Is There a Link","volume":"8","author":"Presotto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"B10","article-title":"A Human Model of Gastric Carcinogenesis","volume":"48","author":"Correa","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90529-Y","article-title":"The C. 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