{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T09:31:40Z","timestamp":1788427900094,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alopecia areata (AA) is a common inflammatory, non-cicatricial hair loss. At present, it is considered that its pathogenesis is an autoimmune disease specific to hair follicle organs mediated by T cells under the combined action of genetic and environmental factors. Treatment is challenging for children with severe AA who are resistant or intolerant to conventional treatment.Here, we treated a 3-year-old child with severe AA with microneedling combined with compound betamethasone. After 6 months of treatment, the patient\u2019s condition was significantly improved, and most of the primary hair loss areas had hair regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.939077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T04:42:36Z","timestamp":1659501756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Microneedling combined with compound betamethasone in treatment of severe alopecia areata: A case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Danning","family":"Pei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lirong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linxi","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14722","article-title":"Microneedling for the treatment of hair loss","volume":"32","author":"Fertig","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.08.032","article-title":"Epidemiology of alopecia areata, ophiasis, totalis, and universalis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"82","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2319-7250.203000","article-title":"A clinico-epidemiological study of pediatric hair disorders","volume":"18","author":"Nageswaramma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Paedr Dermatol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2020.1770162","article-title":"Randomized trial of electrodynamic microneedling combined with 5% minoxidil topical solution for treating androgenetic alopecia in Chinese males and molecular mechanistic study of the involvement of the wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway","volume":"33","author":"Bao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.09.032","article-title":"Alopecia areata investigational assessment guidelines\u2013part \u2014. national alopecia areata foundation","volume":"51","author":"Olsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10955.x","article-title":"British Association of dermatologists\u2019guidelines for the management of alopecia areata 2012","volume":"166","author":"Messenger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.03.004","article-title":"The alopecia areata consensus of experts (ACE) study: Results of an international expert opinion on treatments for alopecia areata","volume":"83","author":"Meah","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/js980042+","article-title":"Microfabricated microneedles: a novel approach to transdermal drug delivery","volume":"87","author":"Henry","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7753.114700","article-title":"A randomized evaluator blinded study of effect of microneedling in androgenetic alopecia: a pilot study","volume":"5","author":"Dhurat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Trichology"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2012.01680.x","article-title":"Effects of topical application of growth factors followed by microneedle therapy in women with female pattern hair loss: a pilot study","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2020.1753456","article-title":"Ophiasis alopecia areata treated with microneedling","volume":"33","author":"Asad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/CDR.CDR_29_19","article-title":"Scalp micro-needling: A new tool in the treatment of alopecia totalis","volume":"4","author":"Beergouder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol Rev"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.129989","article-title":"Alopecia areata-successful outcome with microneedling and triamcinolone acetonide","volume":"7","author":"Chandrashekar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cutan Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201102400428","article-title":"Videocapillaroscopic pattern of alopecia areata before and after diphenylciclopropenone treatment","volume":"24","author":"Ganzetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000924","article-title":"Microneedling: A comprehensive review","volume":"43","author":"Hou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13714","article-title":"Microneedling in androgenetic alopecia; comparing two different depths of microneedles","volume":"20","author":"Faghihi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"B17","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of growth factor cocktail treatment in patients with androgenetic alopecia according to the depth of microneedle","volume":"54","author":"Ro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Kr Acad Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.939077\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T04:42:40Z","timestamp":1659501760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.939077\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2022.939077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.939077","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]]},"article-number":"939077"}}