{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T22:48:52Z","timestamp":1793746132337,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n (\n A.f<\/jats:italic>\n ) is a common airborne allergen that contributes to allergic asthma. In some patients,\n A.f<\/jats:italic>\n can colonize in the airway and lead to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). However, our understanding of the pathogenesis of\n A.f<\/jats:italic>\n -sensitized asthma and ABPA remains inadequate.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n We aimed to investigate the clinical and immunological characteristics of\n A.f<\/jats:italic>\n -sensitized asthma and ABPA.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 64 ABPA and 57\u00a0A\n .f<\/jats:italic>\n -sensitized asthma patients were enrolled in the study, and 33 non-\n A.f<\/jats:italic>\n -sensitized asthma patients served as the control group. The clinical and immunological parameters included lung function, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), induced sputum and blood cell analysis, specific IgE\/IgG\/IgA of A.f and its components, cytokines (IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP) and CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T cell subsets.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The eosinophils in blood, induced sputum, and FeNO were significantly higher in ABPA patients compared to that in\n A.f<\/jats:italic>\n -sensitized patients. The combination of FeNO and eosinophils (EO) parameters presented good diagnostic efficiency in differentiating\n A.f<\/jats:italic>\n (+) asthma from ABPA, with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 100%. Specific IgE, IgG, and IgA against\n A.f<\/jats:italic>\n also increased in ABPA patients. However, serum IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP showed no significant differences between the two groups. Cell analysis showed an increase in IFN-\u03b3\n +<\/jats:sup>\n Th1 cells in the ABPA patients. FlowSOM analysis further confirmed that the frequency of CD3\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n PD-1\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD127\n +<\/jats:sup>\n IFN-\u03b3\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T cells was higher in ABPA patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Our findings suggest the distinct humoral and cell immunological responses in\n A.f<\/jats:italic>\n -sensitized asthma and ABPA patients. ABPA patients have more severe eosinophilic inflammation and enhanced Th1 responses compared with\n A.f<\/jats:italic>\n -sensitized asthma patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.939127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T02:39:32Z","timestamp":1659407972000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Clinical and immunological characteristics of Aspergillus fumigatus-sensitized asthma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nairui","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongxia","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongfei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00138707","article-title":"Global 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