{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T12:55:57Z","timestamp":1776171357648,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>How to select the treatment is a challenge for the management of acquired patients with infections. This study aimed at comparing the outcomes of SAA with infections who had an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT)with that of patients who had an infection and received non-HSCT therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively compared the outcomes of patients with acquired SAA and infections who had an allo-HSCT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 141) with that of patients who had an infection and received non-HSCT therapy (n = 186) between July 2004 and January 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The treatment-related mortality (TRM) of grade 1-2 infections in the HSCT and non-HSCT groups was 24.99% and 13.68%, respectively (<jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.206), while the TRM of grade 3-4 infections was lower in the HSCT group than that observed in the non-HSCT group (18.54% vs. 33.33%, <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.036). At 6 months post-treatment, 91.30% patients in the HSCT group and 8.78% patients in the non-HSCT group had achieved a normal blood profile (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0001). The time required to discontinue transfusions of red blood cells and platelets in the non-HSCT group was longer than in the HSCT group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0001). Estimated overall survival (OS) at 6 years was similar in the two groups (75.5% \u00b1 3.9% vs. 76.3% \u00b1 3.1%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.996), while the estimated failure-free survival (FFS) at 6 years was 75.2% \u00b1 3.8% in the HSCT group and 48.9% \u00b1 3.7% in the non-HSCT group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that younger age, lower grade of infection (grade 1-2), and SAA (vs. very SAA) were favorable factors for OS (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), and that the choice of HSCT and younger age were favorable factors for FFS (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that allo-HSCT has a better chance of a successful outcome than non-HSCT in SAA patients with an infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.955095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T04:51:04Z","timestamp":1662353464000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Severe aplastic anemia patients with infection who received an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation had a better chance: Long-term outcomes of a multicenter 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