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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surgical pain is associated with delirium in patients, and acupuncture can treat pain. However, whether electroacupuncture can attenuate the surgical pain-associated delirium <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> the gut\u2013brain axis remains unknown. Leveraging a mouse model of foot incision-induced surgical pain and delirium-like behavior, we found that electroacupuncture stimulation at specific acupoints (e.g., DU20+KI1) attenuated both surgical pain and delirium-like behavior in mice. Mechanistically, mice with incision-induced surgical pain and delirium-like behavior showed gut microbiota imbalance, microglia activation in the spinal cord, somatosensory cortex, and hippocampus, as well as an enhanced dendritic spine elimination in cortex revealed by two-photon imaging. The electroacupuncture regimen that alleviated surgical pain and delirium-like behavior in mice also effectively restored the gut microbiota balance, prevented the microglia activation, and reversed the dendritic spine elimination. These data demonstrated a potentially important gut\u2013brain interactive mechanism underlying the surgical pain-induced delirium in mice. Pending further studies, these findings revealed a possible therapeutic approach in preventing and\/or treating postoperative delirium by using perioperative electroacupuncture stimulation in patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.955581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T07:37:52Z","timestamp":1659944272000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Electroacupuncture attenuates surgical pain-induced delirium-like behavior in mice via remodeling gut microbiota and dendritic 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