{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:49:07Z","timestamp":1790488147788,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eukaryotic cells employ a broad range of mechanisms to regulate gene expression. Among others, mRNA alternative splicing is a key process. It consists of introns removal from an immature mRNA (pre-mRNA) <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> a transesterification reaction to create a mature mRNA molecule. Large-scale genomic studies have shown that in the human genome, almost 95% of protein-encoding genes go through alternative splicing and produce transcripts with different exons combinations (and sometimes retained introns), thus increasing the proteome diversity. Considering the importance of RNA regulation in cellular proliferation, survival, and differentiation, alterations in the alternative splicing pathway have been linked to several human cancers, including adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATL). ATL is an aggressive and fatal malignancy caused by the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). HTLV-1 genome encodes for two oncoproteins: Tax and HBZ, both playing significant roles in the transformation of infected cells and ATL onset. Here, we review current knowledge on alternative splicing and its link to cancers and reflect on how dysregulation of this pathway could participate in HTLV-1-induced cellular transformation and adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.959382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T06:12:18Z","timestamp":1659334338000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Alternative RNA splicing in cancer: what about adult T-cell leukemia?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Julie","family":"Tram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Mesnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Jean-Marie","family":"Peloponese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.02.011","article-title":"Human viral oncogenesis: A cancer hallmarks analysis","volume":"15","author":"Mesri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm6120111","article-title":"Viral oncology: Molecular biology and pathogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Mui","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCM"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30488-7","article-title":"Global burden of cancer attributable to infections in 2018: a worldwide incidence analysis","volume":"8","author":"de Martel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2007.12.005","article-title":"Viruses associated with human cancer","volume":"1782","author":"McLaughlin-Drubin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) - Mol Basis Disease"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7415","article-title":"Detection and isolation of type c retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"77","author":"Poiesz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.6.2031","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of retrovirus from cell lines of human adult T-cell leukemia and its implication in the disease","volume":"79","author":"Yoshida","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.34.947","article-title":"Adult T-cell leukemia","volume":"34","author":"Takatsuki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Internal Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-2-16","article-title":"Discovery of adult T-cell leukemia","volume":"2","author":"Takatsuki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91298-5","article-title":"HTLV-I associated myelopathy, a new clinical entity","volume":"327","author":"Osame","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2011.12.006","article-title":"Tropical spastic paraparesis and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy: Clinical, epidemiological, virological and therapeutic aspects","volume":"168","author":"Gessain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Neurologique"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00388\/abstract","article-title":"Epidemiological aspects and world distribution of HTLV-1 infection","volume":"3","author":"Gessain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Microbio"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910430214","article-title":"Modelling the risk of adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma in persons infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type I","volume":"43","author":"Murphy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-007-0035-x","article-title":"Adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma and HTLV-1","volume":"2","author":"Mahieux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Hematol Malig Rep"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00222\/abstract","article-title":"Cellular factors involved in HTLV-1 entry and pathogenicit","volume":"3","author":"Hoshino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Microbio"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.12.3618","article-title":"Human adult T-cell leukemia virus: complete nucleotide sequence of the provirus genome integrated in leukemia cell DNA","volume":"80","author":"Seiki","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-10-312926","article-title":"The host genomic environment of the provirus determines the abundance of HTLV-1\u2013infected T-cell clones","volume":"117","author":"Gillet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.09.016","article-title":"The nature of the HTLV-1 provirus in naturally infected individuals analyzed by the viral DNA-Capture-Seq approach","volume":"29","author":"Katsuya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2014.06.001","article-title":"Construction of a reporter vector for analysis of bidirectional transcriptional activity of retrovirus LTR","volume":"74","author":"Arpin-Andr\u00e9","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1080115","article-title":"Spread of HTLV-I between lymphocytes by virus-induced polarization of the cytoskeleton","volume":"299","author":"Igakura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-09-692574","article-title":"Adult T-cell leukemia: molecular basis for clonal expansion and transformation of HTLV-1\u2013infected T cells","volume":"129","author":"Watanabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2111","article-title":"Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infectivity and cellular transformation","volume":"7","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.24.12813-12822.2002","article-title":"The complementary strand of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 RNA genome encodes a bZIP transcription factor that down-regulates viral transcription","volume":"76","author":"Gaudray","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.537","article-title":"Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and leukemic transformation: viral infectivity, tax, HBZ and therapy","volume":"30","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-020-0511-0","article-title":"HTLV-1 bZIP factor: the key viral gene for pathogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2992082","article-title":"The pX protein of HTLV-I is a transcriptional activator of its long terminal repeats","volume":"229","author":"Felber","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.4.1057","article-title":"Development of leukemia in mice transgenic for the tax gene of human T-cell leukemia virus type I","volume":"92","author":"Grossman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-014-2099-y","article-title":"Development of T cell lymphoma in HTLV-1 bZIP factor and tax double transgenic mice","volume":"159","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14492","article-title":"NF-\u03baB signaling mechanisms in HTLV-1-induced adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma","volume":"285","author":"Harhaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02686","article-title":"Hijacking of the AP-1 signaling pathway during development of ATL","volume":"8","author":"Gazon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02239-09","article-title":"APOBEC3G generates nonsense mutations in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 proviral genomes in vivo","volume":"84","author":"Fan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.18.9389-9397.2002","article-title":"5\u2032-long terminal repeat-selective CpG methylation of latent human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 provirus in vitro and In vivo","volume":"76","author":"Koiwa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715724115","article-title":"Sporadic on\/off switching of HTLV-1 tax expression is crucial to maintain the whole population of virus-induced leukemic cells","volume":"115","author":"Mahgoub","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.8.3065.bloodjournal8883065","article-title":"Two types of defective human T-lymphotropic virus type I provirus in adult T-cell leukemia","volume":"88","author":"Tamiya","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507631103","article-title":"HTLV-I basic leucine zipper factor gene mRNA supports proliferation of adult T cell leukemia cells","volume":"103","author":"Satou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3415","article-title":"Integrated molecular analysis of adult T cell leukemia\/lymphoma","volume":"47","author":"Kataoka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30029-9","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a novel enhancer in the HTLV-1 proviral genome","volume":"13","author":"Matsuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-3-15","article-title":"HTLV-I antisense transcripts initiating in the 3\u2019LTR are alternatively spliced and polyadenylated","volume":"3","author":"Cavanagh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-5-34","article-title":"Characteristic expression of HTLV-1 basic zipper factor (HBZ) transcripts in HTLV-1 provirus-positive cells","volume":"5","author":"Usui","year":"2008","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-0942","article-title":"HTLV-1 bZIP factor RNA and protein impart distinct functions on T-cell proliferation and survival","volume":"75","author":"Mitobe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-0361","article-title":"HTLV-1 viral factor HBZ induces CCR4 to promote T-cell migration and proliferation","volume":"76","author":"Sugata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00661-12","article-title":"Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) bZIP factor requires cellular transcription factor JunD to upregulate HTLV-1 antisense transcription from the 3\u2019 long terminal repeat","volume":"86","author":"Gazon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.74","article-title":"HBZ-mediated shift of JunD from growth suppressor to tumor promoter in leukemic cells by inhibition of ribosomal protein S25 expression","volume":"31","author":"Terol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-3564","article-title":"HTLV-1 bZIP factor HBZ promotes cell proliferation and genetic instability by activating OncomiRs","volume":"74","author":"Vernin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7162","article-title":"Impaired expression of DICER and some microRNAs in HBZ expressing cells from acute adult T-cell leukemia patients","volume":"7","author":"Gazon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v3050456","article-title":"Making sense out of antisense transcription in human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs)","volume":"3","author":"Barbeau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11247","article-title":"An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome","volume":"489","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1645","article-title":"Understanding alternative splicing: towards a cellular code","volume":"6","author":"Matlin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3742","article-title":"A day in the life of the spliceosome","volume":"15","author":"Matera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20081501","article-title":"The SR protein family of splicing factors: master regulators of gene expression","volume":"417","author":"Long","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2016.04.057","article-title":"Towards understanding pre-mRNA splicing mechanisms and the role of SR proteins","volume":"587","author":"Sahebi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-77374-2_8","article-title":"hnRNP proteins and splicing control","volume-title":"Alternative splicing in the postgenomic era","author":"Martinez-Contreras","year":"2007"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-016-1683-5","article-title":"The hnRNP family: insights into their role in health and disease","volume":"135","author":"Geuens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13353-018-0444-7","article-title":"Splicing mutations in human genetic disorders: examples, detection, and confirmation","volume":"59","author":"Anna","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Appl Genet"},{"key":"B55","first-page":"85","article-title":"Alternative splicing in genetic diseases: Improved diagnosis and novel treatment options","volume-title":"International review of cell and molecular biology","author":"Bergsma","year":"2018"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2021.2024031","article-title":"Background splicing as a predictor of aberrant splicing in genetic disease","volume":"19","author":"Alexieva","year":"2022","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.7.4.12301","article-title":"Alternative splicing in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases","volume":"7","author":"Evsyukova","year":"2010","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.713540","article-title":"Alternative splicing: A new cause and potential therapeutic target in autoimmune disease","volume":"12","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10496","article-title":"Frequent pathway mutations of splicing machinery in myelodysplasia","volume":"478","author":"Yoshida","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2523","article-title":"Recurrent mutations at codon 625 of the splicing factor SF3B1 in uveal melanoma","volume":"45","author":"Harbour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-13-0330","article-title":"SF3B1 mutations are associated with alternative splicing in uveal melanoma","volume":"3","author":"Furney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dev.166322","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.166322","article-title":"Minor spliceosome inactivation causes microcephaly due to cell cycle defects and death of self-amplifying radial glial cells","volume":"145","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.181016.114","article-title":"U2AF1 mutations alter splice site recognition in hematological malignancies","volume":"25","author":"Ilagan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb1209","article-title":"The gene encoding the splicing factor SF2\/ASF is a proto-oncogene","volume":"14","author":"Karni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2015.09.005","article-title":"SRSF1-regulated alternative splicing in breast cancer","volume":"60","author":"Anczuk\u00f3w","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005895","article-title":"Genomic landscape survey identifies SRSF1 as a key oncodriver in small cell lung cancer","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.6.806","article-title":"SRp20 is a proto-oncogene critical for cell proliferation and tumor induction and maintenance","volume":"6","author":"Jia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.288","article-title":"Downregulation of splicing factor SRSF3 induces p53\u03b2, an alternatively spliced isoform of p53 that promotes cellular senescence","volume":"32","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4129","article-title":"The splicing factor SRSF6 is amplified and is an oncoprotein in lung and colon cancers: SRSF6 is amplified and is an oncoprotein in lung and colon cancers","volume":"229","author":"Cohen-Eliav","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15558","article-title":"Pan-cancer analysis of alternative splicing regulator heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) family and their prognostic potential","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.20053","article-title":"Relative amounts of antagonistic splicing factors, hnRNP A1 and ASF\/SF2, change during neoplastic lung growth: Implications for pre-mRNA processing","volume":"41","author":"Zerbe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-10-434","article-title":"Deregulated expression of hnRNP A\/B proteins in human non-small cell lung cancer: parallel assessment of protein and mRNA levels in paired tumour\/non-tumour tissues","volume":"10","author":"Boukakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-13-0253","article-title":"Misregulation of pre-mRNA alternative splicing in cancer","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5110","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105110","article-title":"Biology of the mRNA splicing machinery and its dysregulation in cancer providing therapeutic opportunities","volume":"22","author":"Blijlevens","year":"2021","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00486-7","article-title":"Alternative splicing and cancer: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sig Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062729","article-title":"HnRNP A1\/A2 and SF2\/ASF regulate alternative splicing of interferon regulatory factor-3 and affect immunomodulatory functions in human non-small cell lung cancer cells","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhang L editor PloS One"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.640","article-title":"Senescence and aging: the critical roles of p53","volume":"32","author":"Rufini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3452","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103452","article-title":"P53: A guardian of immunity becomes its saboteur through mutation","volume":"21","author":"Agupitan","year":"2020","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1928","article-title":"p53 isoforms \u0394133p53 and p53\u03b2 are endogenous regulators of replicative cellular senescence","volume":"11","author":"Fujita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a000927","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a000927","article-title":"The isoforms of the p53 protein","volume":"2","author":"Khoury","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Biol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a026039","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a026039","article-title":"p53 isoforms: Key regulators of the cell fate decision","volume":"6","author":"Joruiz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1339905","article-title":"p53 isoforms can regulate p53 transcriptional activity","volume":"19","author":"Bourdon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003993","article-title":"Role of p53 isoforms and aggregations in cancer","volume":"95","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.08.099","article-title":"Role of p53 circuitry in tumorigenesis: A brief review","volume":"158","author":"Niazi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Medicinal Chem"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.433","article-title":"\u0394133p53 is an independent prognostic marker in p53 mutant advanced serous ovarian cancer","volume":"105","author":"Hofstetter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.242","article-title":"The p53 isoform, \u0394133p53\u03b1, stimulates angiogenesis and tumour progression","volume":"32","author":"Bernard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2015.993316","article-title":"Pre-mRNA splicing in cancer: the relevance in oncogenesis, treatment and drug resistance","volume":"11","author":"Wojtuszkiewicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2020.100728","article-title":"The role of alternative splicing in cancer: From oncogenesis to drug resistance","volume":"53","author":"Sciarrillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updates"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2021.101077","article-title":"Abnormal alternative splicing promotes tumor resistance in targeted therapy and immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans Oncol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.6.730","article-title":"Viral oncogenes, noncoding RNAs, and RNA splicing in human tumor viruses","author":"Zheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2014.62","article-title":"Oncogenes and RNA splicing of human tumor viruses","volume":"3","author":"Ajiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10020239","article-title":"Aberrant splicing events and epigenetics in viral oncogenomics: Current therapeutic strategies","volume":"10","author":"Francies","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.2741\/1971","article-title":"Papillomavirus genome structure, expression, and post-transcriptional regulation","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.016","article-title":"Control of human papillomavirus gene expression by alternative splicing","volume":"231","author":"Graham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4943","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094943","article-title":"HPV16 and HPV18 genome structure, expression, and post-transcriptional regulation","volume":"23","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2004.02.023","article-title":"Splicing of a cap-proximal human papillomavirus 16 E6E7 intron promotes E7 expression, but can be restrained by distance of the intron from its RNA 5\u2032 cap","volume":"337","author":"Zheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.12.037","article-title":"Human papillomavirus type 16 E2 and E6 are RNA-binding proteins and inhibit in vitro splicing of pre-mRNAs with suboptimal splice sites","volume":"386","author":"Bodaghi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02029-14","article-title":"Human papillomavirus type 1 E1^E4 protein is a potent inhibitor of the serine-arginine (SR) protein kinase SRPK1 and inhibits phosphorylation of host SR proteins and of the viral transcription and replication regulator E2","volume":"88","author":"Prescott","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/310207a0","article-title":"DNA Sequence and expression of the B95-8 Epstein\u2013Barr virus genome","volume":"310","author":"Baer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.53.2.528-535.1985","article-title":"Two related but differentially expressed potential membrane proteins encoded by the EcoRI dhet region of Epstein-Barr virus B95-8","volume":"53","author":"Hudson","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00265","article-title":"Epstein\u2013Barr Virus-associated malignancies: Roles of viral oncoproteins in carcinogenesis","volume":"8","author":"El-Sharkawy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00238-19","article-title":"Mechanisms of b-cell oncogenesis induced by Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"93","author":"Saha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02624","article-title":"The interplay between Epstein-bar virus (EBV) with the p53 and its homologs during EBV associated malignancies","volume":"5","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.25.14862","article-title":"Nucleotide sequence of the kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV8)","volume":"93","author":"Russo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.2.1438-1446.1999","article-title":"Characterization and cell cycle regulation of the major kaposi\u2019s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (Human herpesvirus 8) latent genes and their promoter","volume":"73","author":"Sarid","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.387","article-title":"Split genes and their expression in kaposi\u2019s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1042819031000068043","article-title":"Alterations of mRNA splicing in primary effusion lymphomas","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-3029-z","article-title":"Global profiling of alternative RNA splicing events provides insights into molecular differences between various types of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Tremblay","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2020.111929","article-title":"Cellular UAP56 interacts with the HBx protein of the hepatitis b virus and is involved in viral RNA nuclear export in hepatocytes","volume":"390","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(85)90353-8","article-title":"The SV40 T-antigen gene can have two introns","volume":"142","author":"Sompayrac","year":"1985","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90218-2","article-title":"Splicing of SV40 early pre-mRNA to large T and small t mRNAs utilizes different patterns of lariat branch sites","volume":"50","author":"Noble","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06162.x","article-title":"Independent expression of the transforming amino-terminal domain of SV40 large I antigen from an alternatively spliced third SV40 early mRNA","volume":"12","author":"Zerrahn","year":"1993","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.18.8813","article-title":"Protein isoforms encoded by the pX region of human T-cell leukemia\/lymphotropic virus type I","volume":"89","author":"Koralnik","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.4.2810-2818.1997","article-title":"Inhibition of human T-cell leukemia virus type 2 Rex function by truncated forms of Rex encoded in alternatively spliced mRNAs","volume":"71","author":"Ciminale","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16853-x","article-title":"Intragenic recruitment of NF-\u03baB drives splicing modifications upon activation by the oncogene Tax of HTLV-1","volume":"11","author":"Ameur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009919","article-title":"The HTLV-1 viral oncoproteins tax and HBZ reprogram the cellular mRNA splicing landscape","volume":"17","author":"Vandermeulen","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-014-0119-3","article-title":"HTLV-1-infected CD4+ T-cells display alternative exon usages that culminate in adult T-cell leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Th\u00e9noz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.0200","article-title":"The HTLV-1 Rex protein induces nuclear accumulation of unspliced viral RNA by avoiding intron excision and degradation","volume":"218","author":"Gr\u00f6ne","year":"1996","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3390\/v14020407","article-title":"Exploring new functional aspects of HTLV-1 RNA-binding protein Rex: How does Rex control viral replication","volume":"14","author":"Nakano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.8.5511-5518.1996","article-title":"Human T-cell leukemia virus type 2 Rex inhibits pre-mRNA splicing in vitro at an early stage of spliceosome formation","volume":"70","author":"Bakker","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00461\/full","article-title":"HTLV-1 alters T cells for viral persistence and transmission","volume":"9","author":"Tanaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.867478","article-title":"Current perspectives in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 infection and its associated diseases","volume":"9","author":"Miura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.959382\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T06:12:22Z","timestamp":1659334342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.959382\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"references-count":122,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2022.959382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.959382","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"article-number":"959382"}}