{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T02:46:30Z","timestamp":1793760390710,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) are one of the most common gynecological infections, primarily caused by <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species. Although risk factors of RVVC and VVC have been identified in many studies, antifungal immunological mechanisms are still not fully understood. We performed a 1-year prospective study in a local hospital to monitor 98 patients clinically diagnosed with gynecological <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> infection. The results showed that 20.41% (20\/98) are with RVVC, and 79.59% (78\/98) patients have VVC. <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> accounts for 90% and 96.1% of all strains isolated collected from RVVC and VVC patients, respectively. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed no significant difference in <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species between RVVC and VVC patients. However, the serum levels of IFN-\u03b3, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-17F in the RVVC group were significantly lower than those of the VVC group, while IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were higher in the RVVC patients than VVC patients. IL-17A and IL-2 levels were comparable between the two groups. Taken together, our results suggest that the host-immune responses, especially Th1\/2 immunity, may play important roles in prognosis of RVVC and VVC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.959740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T06:05:25Z","timestamp":1658988325000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Distinct host immune responses in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and vulvovaginal 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