{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:03:13Z","timestamp":1792015393268,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":191,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019401","name":"Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019401","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory skin disease with incompletely understood mechanisms of disease pathology. HS is characterized by aberrant activation of the innate immune system, resulting in activation of pathways that aim to protect against pathogenic microorganisms, and also contribute to failure to resolve inflammation. Imbalance in innate immunity is evident in deregulation of host antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and the complement system associated with the microbiome dysbiosis. The pathology is further complicated by ability of pathogens associated with HS to overcome host immune response. Potential roles of major AMPs, cathelicidin, defensins, dermcidin, S100 proteins, RNAse 7 and complement proteins are discussed. Dysregulated expression pattern of innate immunity components in conjunction with bacterial component of the disease warrants consideration of novel treatment approaches targeting both host immunity and pathogenic microbiome in HS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.960488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T14:19:09Z","timestamp":1659017949000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Innate immunity and microbial dysbiosis in hidradenitis suppurativa \u2013 vicious cycle of chronic inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Divya","family":"Chopra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Arens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Watcharee","family":"Amornpairoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle A.","family":"Lowes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjana","family":"Tomic-Canic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasa","family":"Strbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadar","family":"Lev-Tov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irena","family":"Pastar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.08.090","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa: Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and pathogenesis","volume":"82","author":"Goldburg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0149-1","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"6","author":"Sabat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B3","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa: Rapid evidence review","volume":"100","author":"Wipperman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Fam Phys"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjidi.2021.100001","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa: Host-microbe and immune pathogenesis underlie important future directions","volume":"1","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JID Innov"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19556","article-title":"Aetiology and pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"183","author":"Wolk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.12.651","article-title":"Epithelialized tunnels are a source of inflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"147","author":"Navrazhina","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14214","article-title":"What causes hidradenitis suppurativa ?-15 years after","volume":"29","author":"Zouboulis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000336844","article-title":"The multiple facets of dermcidin in cell survival and host defense","volume":"4","author":"Schittek","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Innate Immun"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni732","article-title":"Dermcidin: a novel human antibiotic peptide secreted by sweat glands","volume":"2","author":"Schittek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3228","article-title":"Epithelial antimicrobial defence of the skin and intestine","volume":"12","author":"Gallo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20750","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides in hidradenitis suppurativa: a systematic review","volume":"186","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20834","article-title":"Are antimicrobial peptides a double-edged sword in hidradenitis suppurativa pathophysiology","volume":"186","author":"Schell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.07.035","article-title":"The inflammatory proteome of hidradenitis suppurativa skin is more expansive than that of psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"86","author":"Navrazhina","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2015.00003","article-title":"Complement system in dermatological diseases - fire under the skin","volume":"2","author":"Panelius","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.157","article-title":"The human skin microbiome","volume":"16","author":"Byrd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9101076","article-title":"The clinical relevance of the microbiome in hidradenitis suppurativa: A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Mintoff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.08.445","article-title":"Skin microbiota perturbations are distinct and disease severity-dependent in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"140","author":"Naik","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14141","article-title":"A systematic review and critical appraisal of metagenomic and culture studies in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"30","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.01.042","article-title":"Variability in skin microbiota between smokers, former smokers, and nonsmokers","volume":"83","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12971-014-0026-3","article-title":"Scratching the surface - tobacco-induced bacterial biofilms","volume":"13","author":"Hutcherson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.05.036","article-title":"Altered skin and gut microbiome in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"142","author":"McCarthy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2020.12.008","article-title":"A microbiome study to explore the gut-skin axis in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"101","author":"Lam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2062","article-title":"Commensal bacteria regulate toll-like receptor 3-dependent inflammation after skin injury","volume":"15","author":"Lai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2017.0904","article-title":"The follicular skin microbiome in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa and healthy controls","volume":"153","author":"Ring","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2012.140064","article-title":"Bacterial pathogens associated with hidradenitis suppurativa, France","volume":"20","author":"Guet-Revillet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.02.046","article-title":"The surface microbiome of clinically unaffected skinfolds in hidradenitis suppurativa: A cross-sectional culture-based and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing study in 60 patients","volume":"140","author":"Riverain-Gillet","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15597","article-title":"The microbiome of tunnels in hidradenitis suppurativa patients","volume":"33","author":"Ring","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix285","article-title":"The microbiological landscape of anaerobic infections in hidradenitis suppurativa: A prospective metagenomic study","volume":"65","author":"Guet-Revillet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15007","article-title":"Bacterial biofilm in chronic lesions of hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"176","author":"Ring","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2503","article-title":"Normal skin microbiota is altered in pre-clinical hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"97","author":"Ring","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2012.00946.x","article-title":"Considering hidradenitis suppurativa as a bacterial biofilm disease","volume":"65","author":"Kathju","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-018-1291-0","article-title":"The oral bacterium fusobacterium nucleatum binds staphylococcus aureus and alters expression of the staphylococcal accessory regulator sarA","volume":"78","author":"Lima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb Ecol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s13671-022-00354-9","article-title":"Novel diagnostic technologies and therapeutic approaches targeting chronic wound biofilms and microbiota","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Dermatol Rep"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00026-19","article-title":"Staphylococcal biofilm development: Structure, regulation, and treatment strategies","volume":"84","author":"Schilcher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2015.02.009","article-title":"Mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobial peptides in staphylococci","volume":"1848","author":"Joo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-29916-5_10","article-title":"Bacterial evasion of antimicrobial peptides by biofilm formation","volume":"306","author":"Otto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007353","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007353","article-title":"Innate antimicrobial immunity in the skin: A protective barrier against bacteria, viruses, and fungi","volume":"14","author":"Coates","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.24.15258","article-title":"The expression of the gene coding for the antibacterial peptide LL-37 is induced in human keratinocytes during inflammatory disorders","volume":"272","author":"Frohm","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2019.105552","article-title":"A mouse model for vitamin d-induced human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene expression","volume":"198","author":"Lowry","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.03.034","article-title":"Vitamin d as an inducer of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide expression: past, present and future","volume":"121","author":"White","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.435","article-title":"Kallikrein expression and cathelicidin processing are independently controlled in keratinocytes by calcium, vitamin D(3), and retinoic acid","volume":"130","author":"Morizane","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10765.x","article-title":"Immunohistological pointers to a possible role for excessive cathelicidin (LL-37) expression by apocrine sweat glands in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa\/acne inversa","volume":"166","author":"Emelianov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13482","article-title":"Elevated levels of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in hidradenitis suppurativa are associated with a Th1\/Th17 immune response","volume":"27","author":"Thomi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2012.24.4.393","article-title":"Acne inversa: evaluating antimicrobial peptides and proteins","volume":"24","author":"Bechara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06116","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells sense self-DNA coupled with antimicrobial peptide","volume":"449","author":"Lande","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.04.036","article-title":"Intrinsic defect in keratinocyte function leads to inflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"136","author":"Hotz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.11.040193.000541","article-title":"Defensins: antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides of mammalian cells","volume":"11","author":"Lehrer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7799(97)01156-6","article-title":"Cationic peptides: a new source of antibiotics","volume":"16","author":"Hancock","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008557200","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of human beta -defensin-3, a novel human inducible peptide antibiotic","volume":"276","author":"Harder","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.5.2909","article-title":"Cutting edge: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a direct inducer of antimicrobial peptide gene expression","volume":"173","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.12.033","article-title":"Human beta-defensin-2 and psoriasin are overexpressed in lesions of acne inversa","volume":"61","author":"Schlapbach","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.10.020","article-title":"Apocrine gland-rich skin has a non-inflammatory IL-17-Related immune milieu, that turns to inflammatory IL-17-Mediated disease in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"139","author":"Jenei","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/43088","article-title":"A peptide antibiotic from human skin","volume":"387","author":"Harder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903907","article-title":"Deficiency of IL-22 contributes to a chronic inflammatory disease: pathogenetic mechanisms in acne inversa","volume":"186","author":"Wolk","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19462","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of cytokine and antimicrobial peptide levels in hidradenitis suppurativa using transdermal analysis patches","volume":"184","author":"Ardon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2004.03.012","article-title":"Expression of human beta-defensins HBD-1, HBD-2, and HBD-3 in cultured keratinocytes and skin substitutes","volume":"30","author":"Supp","year":"2004","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-29916-5_4","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides: an essential component of the skin defensive barrier","volume":"306","author":"Braff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.2.947","article-title":"Neutrophil defensins induce histamine secretion from mast cells: mechanisms of action","volume":"163","author":"Befus","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.07.020","article-title":"Expression of innate defense antimicrobial peptides in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"66","author":"Hofmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216249","article-title":"The skin transcriptome in hidradenitis suppurativa uncovers an antimicrobial and sweat gland gene signature which has distinct overlap with wounded skin","volume":"14","author":"Coates","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.04.021","article-title":"High copy numbers of \u03b2-defensin cluster on 8p23.1, confer genetic susceptibility, and modulate the physical course of hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne inversa","volume":"136","author":"Giamarellos-Bourboulis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.315","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa: the role of deficient cutaneous innate immunity","volume":"148","author":"Dr\u00e9no","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1492","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor-alpha and matrix metalloproteinase-2 are expressed strongly in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"93","author":"Mozeika","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700041","article-title":"Generation of multiple stable dermcidin-derived antimicrobial peptides in sweat of different body sites","volume":"126","author":"Rieg","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01679-08","article-title":"Dermcidin-derived peptides show a different mode of action than the cathelicidin LL-37 against staphylococcus aureus","volume":"53","author":"Seny\u00fcrek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00181-06","article-title":"Naturally processed dermcidin-derived peptides do not permeabilize bacterial membranes and kill microorganisms irrespective of their charge","volume":"50","author":"Steffen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.06081.x","article-title":"Dermcidin is constitutively produced by eccrine sweat glands and is not induced in epidermal cells under inflammatory skin conditions","volume":"151","author":"Rieg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13959","article-title":"Transcriptome patterns in hidradenitis suppurativa: support for the role of antimicrobial peptides and interferon pathways in disease pathogenesis","volume":"44","author":"Shanmugam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14214","article-title":"Keratinocytes and neutrophils are important sources of proinflammatory molecules in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"174","author":"Lima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1142","article-title":"Antimicrobial psoriasin (S100A7) protects human skin from escherichia coli infection","volume":"6","author":"Gl\u00e4ser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000510689","article-title":"Serum concentration and skin expression of S100A7 (Psoriasin) in patients suffering from hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"237","author":"Batycka-Baran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13232","article-title":"Relationship between fecal calprotectin level and disease activity in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"33","author":"E\u015fer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12234","article-title":"Myeloid marker S100A8\/A9 and lymphocyte marker, soluble interleukin 2 receptor: biomarkers of hidradenitis suppurativa disease activity","volume":"168","author":"Wieland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.8.4711-4716.2003","article-title":"Calprotectin, an abundant cytosolic protein from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, inhibits the growth of borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"71","author":"Lusitani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700946","article-title":"S100A15, an antimicrobial protein of the skin: regulation by e","volume":"127","author":"B\u00fcchau","year":"2007","journal-title":"coli through Toll-like receptor 4 J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07198.x","article-title":"Elevated serum levels of calcium-binding S100 proteins A8 and A9 reflect disease activity and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes in psoriasis","volume":"155","author":"Benoit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207587200","article-title":"RNase 7, a novel innate immune defense antimicrobial protein of healthy human skin","volume":"277","author":"Harder","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.5.3070","article-title":"Postsecretory processing generates multiple cathelicidins for enhanced topical antimicrobial defense","volume":"172","author":"Murakami","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12069.x","article-title":"The cathelicidin anti-microbial peptide LL-37 is involved in re-epithelialization of human skin wounds and is lacking in chronic ulcer epithelium","volume":"120","author":"Heilborn","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1616","article-title":"Increased serine protease activity and cathelicidin promotes skin inflammation in rosacea","volume":"13","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01684.x","article-title":"Epidermal overexpression of stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme in mice: a model for chronic itchy dermatitis","volume":"118","author":"Hansson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-016-9366-z","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa\/Acne inversa: an endocrine skin disorder","volume":"17","author":"Karagiannidis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12900","article-title":"Vitamin d status in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"170","author":"Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6075com","article-title":"Kallikrein-mediated proteolysis regulates the antimicrobial effects of cathelicidins in skin","volume":"20","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/JID.2015.363","article-title":"Skin pH is the master switch of kallikrein 5-mediated skin barrier destruction in a murine atopic dermatitis model","volume":"136","author":"Jang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00567.x","article-title":"Tissue kallikrein and kininogen in human sweat glands and psoriatic skin","volume":"124","author":"Poblete","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5621","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6621","article-title":"The antimicrobial peptide LL37 is a T-cell autoantigen in psoriasis","volume":"5","author":"Lande","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14075","article-title":"Dysregulated cytokine expression in lesional and nonlesional skin in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"173","author":"Kelly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08820139.2016.1230867","article-title":"Interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3) is elevated in wound exudate from hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"46","author":"Banerjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Invest"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10254.x","article-title":"Elevated levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-10 in hidradenitis suppurativa skin: a rationale for targeting TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2","volume":"164","author":"van der Zee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.321","article-title":"The human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 suppresses apoptosis in keratinocytes","volume":"129","author":"Chamorro","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.02.742","article-title":"In-depth analysis of the hidradenitis suppurativa serum proteome identifies distinct inflammatory subtypes","volume":"141","author":"Navrazhina","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15424","article-title":"Lipocalin-2 is expressed by activated granulocytes and keratinocytes in affected skin and reflects disease activity in acne inversa\/hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"177","author":"Wolk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29717-3","article-title":"Human serum triggers antibiotic tolerance in staphylococcus aureus","volume":"13","author":"Ledger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69962-4","article-title":"Human antimicrobial peptide, LL-37, induces non-inheritable reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in staphylococcus aureus","volume":"10","author":"Friberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1841","article-title":"Bacteriology of hidradenitis suppurativa - which antibiotics are the treatment of choice","volume":"94","author":"Matusiak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02613.x","article-title":"Coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most common bacteria found in cultures from the deep portions of hidradenitis suppurativa lesions, as obtained by carbon dioxide laser surgery","volume":"140","author":"Lapins","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11050700","article-title":"Immunology of acute and chronic wound healing","volume":"11","author":"Raziyeva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.12.8003","article-title":"Deficiency of dermcidin-derived antimicrobial peptides in sweat of patients with atopic dermatitis correlates with an impaired innate defense of human skin in vivo","volume":"174","author":"Rieg","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M504670200","article-title":"Cathepsin d is present in human eccrine sweat and involved in the postsecretory processing of the antimicrobial peptide DCD-1L","volume":"281","author":"Baechle","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)57224-6","article-title":"Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate induces aggregation and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine from saponin-permeabilized human platelets","volume":"261","author":"Watson","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08925.x","article-title":"The human antimicrobial peptide dermcidin activates normal human keratinocytes","volume":"160","author":"Niyonsaba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.2174\/156652413804486214","article-title":"Functions of S100 proteins","volume":"13","author":"Donato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2020.118677","article-title":"Role of S100 proteins in health and disease","volume":"1867","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12338501","article-title":"Genes encoding structural proteins of epidermal cornification and S100 calcium-binding proteins form a gene complex (\"epidermal differentiation complex\") on human chromosome 1q21","volume":"106","author":"Mischke","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001240","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides: bridging innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of psoriasis","volume":"133","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13314","article-title":"Friends or foes? host defense (antimicrobial) peptides and proteins in human skin diseases","volume":"26","author":"Niyonsaba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v26.i6.60","article-title":"Human defensins and cathelicidins in the skin: beyond direct antimicrobial properties","volume":"26","author":"Niyonsaba","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16320","article-title":"Expression of koebnerisin (S100A15) and calgranulin a (S100A8) in lesional and perilesional skin in patients suffering from hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"34","author":"Batycka-Baran","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902464","article-title":"IL-1{alpha}, and TNF-{alpha} recapitulates some features of psoriasis","volume":"184","author":"Guilloteau","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061308","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-17 are coexpressed by Th17 cells and cooperatively enhance expression of antimicrobial peptides","volume":"203","author":"Liang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R115.645085","article-title":"Nutritional immunity: S100 proteins at the host-pathogen interface","volume":"290","author":"Zackular","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02553","article-title":"The antimicrobial and immunomodulatory function of RNase 7 in skin","volume":"10","author":"Rademacher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17040560","article-title":"RNase 7 in cutaneous defense","volume":"17","author":"Rademacher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12133","article-title":"Differential expression and in vivo secretion of the antimicrobial peptides psoriasin (S100A7), RNase 7, human beta-defensin-2 and -3 in healthy human skin","volume":"22","author":"Wittersheim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6424","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006424","article-title":"RNase 7 contributes to the cutaneous defense against enterococcus faecium","volume":"4","author":"K\u00f6ten","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14773","article-title":"NOD2 signalling in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"46","author":"Gambichler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.09.052","article-title":"RNase 7 strongly promotes TLR9-mediated DNA sensing by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells","volume":"138","author":"Kopfnagel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01074","article-title":"The role of membrane bound complement regulatory proteins in tumor development and cancer immunotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Geller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12952","article-title":"Production of complement components by cells of the immune system","volume":"188","author":"Lubbers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00639","article-title":"Complement activation in inflammatory skin diseases","volume":"9","author":"Giang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00262","article-title":"Complement system part I - molecular mechanisms of activation and regulation","volume":"6","author":"Merle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00412","article-title":"Local release of properdin in the cellular microenvironment: role in pattern recognition and amplification of the alternative pathway of complement","volume":"3","author":"Cortes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00257","article-title":"Complement system part II: Role in immunity","volume":"6","author":"Merle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi500157z","article-title":"The making of a macromolecular machine: assembly of the membrane attack complex","volume":"53","author":"Bubeck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00672","article-title":"Complement therapeutics in autoimmune disease","volume":"10","author":"Thurman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.09.009","article-title":"Role of the complement pathway in inflammatory skin diseases: A focus on hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"140","author":"Ghias","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1307855110","article-title":"Complement modulates the cutaneous microbiome and inflammatory milieu","volume":"110","author":"Chehoud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.11.011","article-title":"Complement C3 exacerbates imiquimod-induced skin inflammation and psoriasiform dermatitis","volume":"137","author":"Giacomassi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2005.02.009","article-title":"Human keratinocytes produce the complement inhibitor factor h: synthesis is regulated by interferon-gamma","volume":"43","author":"Tim\u00e1r","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.01.007","article-title":"Human keratinocytes produce the complement inhibitor factor I: Synthesis is regulated by interferon-gamma","volume":"44","author":"Tim\u00e1r","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16428","article-title":"Complement activation in hidradenitis suppurativa: a new pathway of pathogenesis","volume":"179","author":"Kanni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203672","article-title":"Integrating the skin and blood transcriptomes and serum proteome in hidradenitis suppurativa reveals complement dysregulation and a plasma cell signature","volume":"13","author":"Hoffman","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17426","article-title":"Complement, hidradenitis suppurativa and pathogen-driven positive selection","volume":"180","author":"Frew","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.03.037","article-title":"No evident systemic terminal complement pathway activation in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"141","author":"Prens","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130522","article-title":"Compartmentalized cytokine responses in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"10","author":"Kanni","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20220-8","article-title":"The inflammatory effects of TNF-\u03b1 and complement component 3 on coagulation","volume":"8","author":"Page","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.01038.x","article-title":"Counter-regulatory effect of sodium butyrate on tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced complement C3 and factor b biosynthesis in human intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"118","author":"Andoh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B139","article-title":"Cytokine-mediated regulation of the surface expression of complement regulatory proteins, CD46(MCP), CD55(DAF), and CD59 on human vascular endothelial cells","volume":"12","author":"Moutabarrik","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lymphokine Cytokine Res"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.06.149","article-title":"Complement evasion of pathogens: common strategies are shared by diverse organisms","volume":"44","author":"Zipfel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.130.2.845","article-title":"Studies on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing. III. C5b-9 deposits stably on rough and type 7 s. pneumoniae without causing bacterial killing","volume":"130","author":"Joiner","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2001.01249.x","article-title":"Streptococcal inhibitor of complement (SIC) inhibits the membrane attack complex by preventing uptake of C567 onto cell membranes","volume":"103","author":"Fernie-King","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1993.tb05956.x","article-title":"Vitronectin-mediated inhibition of complement: evidence for different binding sites for C5b-7 and C9","volume":"92","author":"Milis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300638","article-title":"Staphylococcal ecb protein and host complement regulator factor h enhance functions of each other in bacterial immune evasion","volume":"191","author":"Amdahl","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64818-3","article-title":"Long-term followup of a bladder carcinoma cohort: questionable value of radical radiotherapy","volume":"157","author":"Holm\u00e4ng","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI133727","article-title":"Intracellular staphylococcus aureus triggers pyroptosis and contributes to inhibition of healing due to perforin-2 suppression","volume":"131","author":"Pastar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13870","article-title":"Single cell analyses reveal specific distribution of anti-bacterial molecule perforin-2 in human skin and its modulation by wounding and staphylococcus aureus infection","volume":"28","author":"Strbo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-020-00536-w","article-title":"Skin microbiota and its interplay with wound healing","volume":"21","author":"Tomic-Canic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01839","article-title":"Perforins expression by cutaneous gamma delta T cells","volume":"11","author":"O'Neill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2015.07.002","article-title":"The genetics of hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"34","author":"Ingram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000521263","article-title":"Whole-exome sequencing in 10 unrelated patients with syndromic hidradenitis suppurativa: A preliminary step for a genotype-phenotype correlation","author":"Marzano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.3630","article-title":"Contribution of genetics to the susceptibility to hidradenitis suppurativa in a Large, cross-sectional Dutch twin cohort","volume":"156","author":"van Straalen","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy414","article-title":"Analysis of hidradenitis suppurativa-linked mutations in four genes and the effects of PSEN1-P242LfsX11 on cytokine and chemokine expression in macrophages","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15441","article-title":"A systematic review and critical evaluation of reported pathogenic sequence variants in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"177","author":"Frew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.310375","article-title":"Notch signal suppresses toll-like receptor-triggered inflammatory responses in macrophages by inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2-mediated nuclear factor \u03baB activation","volume":"287","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.05.033","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa is characterized by dysregulation of the Th17:Treg cell axis, which is corrected by anti-TNF therapy","volume":"137","author":"Moran","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400534","article-title":"Notch signaling at later stages of NK cell development enhances KIR expression and functional maturation","volume":"193","author":"Felices","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07556.x","article-title":"Altered innate and adaptive immune responses in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"156","author":"Giamarellos-Bourboulis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900522","article-title":"Presenilin\/gamma-secretase cleaves CD46 in response to neisseria infection","volume":"184","author":"Weyand","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.09.016","article-title":"CD46: the 'multitasker' of complement proteins","volume":"45","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.09.003","article-title":"CD46 signaling in T cells: linking pathogens with polarity","volume":"584","author":"Hawkins","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01315","article-title":"Activation of human CD4+ cells with CD3 and CD46 induces a T-regulatory cell 1 phenotype","volume":"421","author":"Kemper","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00235-3","article-title":"Dysregulation of mCD46 and sCD46 contribute to the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid","volume":"7","author":"Qiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050313X20953113","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313X20953113","article-title":"Novel variants of. SAGE","volume":"8","author":"Jfri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Med Case Rep"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1159\/000107632","article-title":"Lack of association between CARD15 gene polymorphisms and hidradenitis suppurativa: a pilot study","volume":"215","author":"Nassar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14512","article-title":"Long-term antibiotic use for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa consistent with guideline recommendations","volume":"46","author":"Kitts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504370","article-title":"Two phase 3 trials of adalimumab for hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"375","author":"Kimball","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.09.044","article-title":"An open-label study of anakinra for the treatment of moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"70","author":"Leslie","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.3903","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of anakinra in severe hidradenitis suppurativa: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"152","author":"Tzanetakou","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.10.030","article-title":"MABp1 targeting IL-1\u03b1 for moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa not eligible for adalimumab: A randomized study","volume":"138","author":"Kanni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.10.024","article-title":"A phase II open-label study of bermekimab in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa shows resolution of inflammatory lesions and pain","volume":"140","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17822","article-title":"Open-label, investigator-initiated, single-site exploratory trial evaluating secukinumab, an anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody, for patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"181","author":"Prussick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14199","article-title":"Successful use of guselkumab in the treatment of severe hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"45","author":"Kearney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.3655","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in conjunction with surgery in moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa: The SHARPS randomized clinical trial","volume":"156","author":"Bechara","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000520262","article-title":"The personal impact of daily wound care for hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"238","author":"Moloney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"B176","unstructured":"GmbH i. studying complement inhibition in patients with moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa clinicaltrials2017"},{"key":"B177","unstructured":"GmbH i. efficacy and safety study of IFX-1 in patients with moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) (SHINE) clinicaltrials2021"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.139932","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa and response to anti-TNF-\u03b1 therapy","volume":"5","author":"Lowe","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0308-z","article-title":"Microbial network disturbances in relapsing refractory crohn's disease","volume":"25","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21237","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77790-9","article-title":"Short chain fatty acids produced by cutibacterium acnes inhibit biofilm formation by staphylococcus epidermidis","volume":"10","author":"Nakamura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-021-1576-8","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids inhibit the biofilm formation of streptococcus gordonii through negative regulation of competence-stimulating peptide signaling pathway","volume":"59","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Microbiol"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.0891","article-title":"Association of hidradenitis suppurativa with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"155","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14036","article-title":"Ertapenem - a potent treatment for clinical and quality of life improvement in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"57","author":"Braunberger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.12.018","article-title":"Deroofing: a tissue-saving surgical technique for the treatment of mild to moderate hidradenitis suppurativa lesions","volume":"63","author":"van der Zee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.4741","article-title":"Patient impressions and outcomes after clinic-based hidradenitis suppurativa surgery","volume":"158","author":"Ravi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S2784-8671.21.06899-1","article-title":"Intralesional anti-biofilm therapy for tunnels in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"156","author":"Weigelt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital J Dermatol Venerol"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15332","article-title":"Rates of antibiotic resistance\/sensitivity in bacterial cultures of hidradenitis suppurativa patients","volume":"33","author":"Bettoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.08.001","article-title":"Patterns of antimicrobial resistance in lesions of hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"76","author":"Fischer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1089\/nat.2020.0921","article-title":"Transcriptome-wide off-target effects of steric-blocking oligonucleotides","volume":"31","author":"Holgersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acid Ther"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.139930","article-title":"Contribution of plasma cells and b cells to hidradenitis suppurativa pathogenesis","volume":"5","author":"Gudjonsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.665873","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals cellular and transcriptional changes associated with m1 macrophage polarization in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"8","author":"Mariottoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.960488\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]],"date-time":"2023-02-12T21:56:51Z","timestamp":1676239011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.960488\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"references-count":191,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2022.960488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.960488","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"article-number":"960488"}}