{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:44:37Z","timestamp":1790948677546,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This is a single-center prospective, open-label, single arm interventional study to test the safety and efficacy of recently described ChipEXO\u2122 for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The ChipEXO\u2122 is a natural product derived from convalescent human immune plasma of patients recovered from moderate COVID-19 infection. In September 2021, 13 patients with pending respiratory failure were treated with ChipEXO\u2122 adapted for aerosolized formulation delivered <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> jet nebulizer. Patients received 1-5x10<jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup> nano vesicle\/5 mL in distilled water twice daily for five days as an add-on to ongoing conventional COVID-19 treatment. The primary endpoint was patient safety and survival over a 28-day follow-up. The secondary endpoint was longitudinal assessment of clinical parameters following ChipEXO\u2122 to evaluate treatment response and gain insights into the pharmacodynamics. ChipEXO\u2122 was tolerated well without any allergic reaction or acute toxicity. The survival rate was 84.6% and 11 out of 13 recovered without any sequel to lungs or other organs. ChipEXO\u2122 treatment was effective immediately as shown in arterial blood gas analyses before and two hours after exosome inhalation. During the 5 days of treatment, there was a sustainable and gradual improvement on oxygenation parameters: i.e. respiratory rate (RR) [20.8% (P &amp;lt; 0.05)], oxygen saturation (SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) [6,7% (P &amp;lt; 0.05)] and partial pressure of oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) [127.9% (P &amp;lt; 0.05)] that correlated with steep decrease in the disease activity scores and inflammatory markers, i.e. the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (75%, p &amp;lt; 0.05), C-reactive protein (46% p &amp;lt; 0.05), ferritin (58% p = 0.53), D-dimer (28% p=0.46). In conclusion, aerosolized ChipEXO\u2122 showed promising safety and efficacy for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. Further studies on larger patient populations are required to confirm our findings and understand the pathophysiology of improvement toward a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.963309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T13:39:10Z","timestamp":1668001150000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A pilot study for treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia by aerosolized formulation of convalescent human immune plasma exosomes (ChipEXO\u2122)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fethi","family":"G\u00fcl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynep Burcin","family":"Gonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olcay 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