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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Liver fibrosis is a common pathological feature of end stage liver failure, a severe life-threatening disease worldwide. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially its more severe form with steatohepatitis (NASH), results from obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome and becomes a leading cause of liver fibrosis. Genetic factor, lipid overload\/toxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation have all been implicated in the development and progression of NASH. Both innate immune response and adaptive immunity contribute to NASH-associated inflammation. Innate immunity may cause inflammation and subsequently fibrosis <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> danger-associated molecular patterns. Increasing evidence indicates that T cell-mediated adaptive immunity also provokes inflammation and fibrosis in NASH <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> cytotoxicity, cytokines and other proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators. Recently, the single-cell transcriptome profiling has revealed that the populations of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, and TEMs are expanded in the liver with NASH. The activation of T cells requires antigen presentation from professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including macrophages, dendritic cells, and B-cells. However, since hepatocytes express MHCII molecules and costimulators, they may also act as an atypical APC to promote T cell activation. Additionally, the phenotypic switch of hepatocytes to proinflammatory cells in NASH contributes to the development of inflammation. In this review, we focus on T cells and in particular CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and discuss the role of different subsets of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells including Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22, and Treg in NASH-related liver inflammation and fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.967410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T07:04:11Z","timestamp":1660115051000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["CD4+ T cell activation and inflammation in NASH-related 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