{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T10:22:55Z","timestamp":1776680575660,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that persistently infects CD4+ T-cells, and is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATLL), tropical spastic paraparesis\/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP\/HAM) and several inflammatory diseases. T-cell transformation by HTLV-1 is driven by multiple interactions between viral regulatory proteins and host cell pathways that govern cell proliferation and survival. Studies performed over the last decade have revealed alterations in the expression of many microRNAs in HTLV-1-infected cells and ATLL cells, and have identified several microRNA targets with roles in the viral life cycle and host cell turnover. This review centers on miR-150-5p, a microRNA whose expression is temporally regulated during lymphocyte development and altered in several hematological malignancies. The levels of miR-150-5p are reduced in many HTLV-1-transformed- and ATLL-derived cell lines. Experiments in these cell lines showed that downregulation of miR-150-5p results in activation of the transcription factor STAT1, which is a direct target of the miRNA. However, data on miR-150-5p levels in freshly isolated ATLL samples are suggestive of its upregulation compared to controls. These apparently puzzling findings highlight the need for more in-depth studies of the role of miR-150-5p in HTLV-1 infection and pathogenesis based on knowledge of miR-150-5p-target mRNA interactions and mechanisms regulating its function in normal leukocytes and hematologic neoplasms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.974088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T04:48:12Z","timestamp":1660625292000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["MiR-150 in HTLV-1 infection and T-cell transformation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Donna M.","family":"D\u2019Agostino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Raimondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micol","family":"Silic-Benussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Ciminale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01800","article-title":"Time to go back to the original name","volume":"8","author":"Gallo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00388","article-title":"Epidemiological aspects and world distribution of HTLV-1 infection","volume":"3","author":"Gessain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v0010001","article-title":"HTLV-1, the other pathogenic yet neglected human retrovirus: From transmission to therapeutic treatment","volume":"10","author":"Futsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30328-5","article-title":"Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1: a lifelong persistent infection, yet never truly silent","volume":"21","author":"Hirons","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.015","article-title":"Reducing the global burden of HTLV-1 infection: An agenda for research and action","volume":"137","author":"Willems","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v3081395","article-title":"Converging strategies in expression of human complex retroviruses","volume":"3","author":"Cavallari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2019.04.003","article-title":"Molecular biology of human T cell leukemia virus","volume":"37","author":"Ratner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12101079","article-title":"Regulation of expression and latency in BLV and HTLV","volume":"12","author":"Pluta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01958","article-title":"Post-transcriptional regulation of HTLV gene expression: Rex to the rescue","volume":"10","author":"D'Agostino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20032042","article-title":"Increased expression of human T lymphocyte virus type I (HTLV-I) Tax11-19 peptide-human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen A*201 complexes on CD4+ CD25+ T cells detected by peptide-specific, major histocompatibility complex-restricted antibodies in patients with HTLV-i-associated neurologic disease","volume":"199","author":"Yamano","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9070543","article-title":"Mechanisms of oncogenesis by HTLV-1 tax","volume":"9","author":"Mohanty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-020-0511-0","article-title":"HTLV-1 bZIP factor: the key viral gene for pathogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2014.06.005","article-title":"MicroRNAs in cancer: biomarkers, functions and therapy","volume":"20","author":"Hayes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105486","article-title":"Role of miRNAs in human T cell leukemia virus type 1 induced T cell leukemia: A literature review and bioinformatics approach","volume":"23","author":"Machado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8040290","article-title":"NF-\u03baB and MicroRNA deregulation mediated by HTLV-1 tax and HBZ","volume":"8","author":"Fochi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040662","article-title":"Localization and sub-cellular shuttling of HTLV-1 tax with the miRNA machinery","volume":"7","author":"Van Duyne","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7162","article-title":"Impaired expression of DICER and some microRNAs in HBZ expressing cells from acute adult T-cell leukemia patients","volume":"7","author":"Gazon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.09.031","article-title":"Interaction of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I Rex protein with dicer suppresses RNAi silencing","volume":"584","author":"Abe","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEBS lett"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-0769","article-title":"Roles for microRNAs, miR-93 and miR-130b, and tumor protein 53-induced nuclear protein 1 tumor suppressor in cell growth dysregulation by human T-cell lymphotrophic virus 1","volume":"68","author":"Yeung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-3564","article-title":"HTLV-1 bZIP factor HBZ promotes cell proliferation and genetic instability by activating OncomiRs","volume":"74","author":"Vernin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00832","article-title":"Expression of miR-34a in T-cells infected by human T-lymphotropic virus 1","volume":"9","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2011.12.015","article-title":"Polycomb-mediated loss of miR-31 activates NIK-dependent NF-\u03baB pathway in adult T cell leukemia and other cancers","volume":"21","author":"Yamagishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-11-685032","article-title":"Constitutive activation of Pim1 kinase is a therapeutic target for adult T-cell leukemia","volume":"127","author":"Bellon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-11-189845","article-title":"Deregulation of microRNA involved in hematopoiesis and the immune response in HTLV-I adult T-cell leukemia","volume":"113","author":"Bellon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02823-13","article-title":"Small noncoding RNAs in cells transformed by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1: A role for a tRNA fragment as a primer for reverse transcriptase","volume":"88","author":"Ruggero","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2015.04.005","article-title":"STAT1: A novel target of miR-150 and miR-223 is involved in the proliferation of HTLV-I-Transformed and ATL cells","volume":"17","author":"Moles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2020.11803","article-title":"Small RNA profiles of HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers with monoclonal and polyclonal rearrangement of the T-cell antigen receptor \u03b3-chain using massively parallel sequencing: A pilot study","volume":"20","author":"Valad\u00e3o de Souza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-020-00343-2","article-title":"Global expression of noncoding RNome reveals dysregulation of small RNAs in patients with HTLV-1-associated adult T-cell leukemia: A pilot study","volume":"16","author":"Nascimento","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Agent Cancer"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2015.3170","article-title":"Role of microRNA-150 in solid tumors","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2013.346","article-title":"The role of miR-150 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis","volume":"33","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R71","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2005-6-8-r71","article-title":"MicroRNA profiling of the murine hematopoietic system","volume":"6","author":"Monticelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061692","article-title":"A role for dicer in immune regulation","volume":"203","author":"Cobb","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001020","article-title":"miRNA profiling of na\u00efve, effector and memory CD8 T cells","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.04.162","article-title":"GITR overexpression on CD4+CD25+ HTLV-1 transformed cells: Detection by massively parallel signature sequencing","volume":"332","author":"Bal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.64.11.5682-5687.1990","article-title":"In vivo cellular tropism of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1","volume":"64","author":"Richardson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2004.04999.x","article-title":"Expression of FoxP3, a key molecule in CD4CD25 regulatory T cells, in adult T-cell leukaemia\/lymphoma cells","volume":"126","author":"Karube","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702409104","article-title":"miR-150, a microRNA expressed in mature b and T cells, blocks early b cell development when expressed prematurely","volume":"104","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.07.021","article-title":"MiR-150 controls b cell differentiation by targeting the transcription factor c-myb","volume":"131","author":"Xiao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.04.065","article-title":"MYB - a regulatory factor in hematopoiesis","volume":"665","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001538","article-title":"RFX transcription factors control a miR-150\/PDAP1 axis that restrains the proliferation of human T cells","volume":"20","author":"Chirichella","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS Biol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/08892220050193065","article-title":"Tax oncoprotein trans-represses endogenous b-myb promoter activity in human T cells","volume":"16","author":"Nicot","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.21.7391-7402.2001","article-title":"Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 tax represses c-myb-dependent transcription through activation of the NF-kappaB pathway and modulation of coactivator usage","volume":"21","author":"Nicot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.11.9396-9399.1998","article-title":"The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 oncoprotein tax inhibits the transcriptional activity of c-myb through competition for the CREB binding protein","volume":"72","author":"Colgin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2011.04.003","article-title":"HTLV-1 HBZ protein deregulates interactions between cellular factors and the KIX domain of p300\/CBP","volume":"409","author":"Cook","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-1739","article-title":"Dysregulation of c-myb pathway by aberrant expression of proto-oncogene MYB provides the basis for malignancy in adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma cells","volume":"22","author":"Nakano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.05005","article-title":"Predicting effective microRNA target sites in mammalian mRNAs","volume":"4","author":"Agarwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.17268411","article-title":"Ending the message: poly(A) signals then and now","volume":"25","author":"Proudfoot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku376","article-title":"STarMir: a web server for prediction of microRNA binding sites","volume":"42","author":"Rennie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.07.031","article-title":"A pattern-based method for the identification of MicroRNA binding sites and their corresponding heteroduplexes","volume":"126","author":"Miranda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2020-0058","article-title":"Upregulation of miR-150-5p alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages by targeting Notch1","volume":"15","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Life Sci"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-12-326629","article-title":"Modulation of microRNA expression in human T-cell development: Targeting of NOTCH3 by miR-150","volume":"117","author":"Ghisi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10010016","article-title":"Role of notch receptors in hematologic malignancies","volume":"10","author":"Gragnani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010722107","article-title":"Notch signaling contributes to proliferation and tumor formation of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-associated adult T-cell leukemia","volume":"107","author":"Pancewicz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3415","article-title":"Integrated molecular analysis of adult T cell leukemia\/lymphoma","volume":"47","author":"Kataoka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-018-0665-6","article-title":"JAG1 overexpression contributes to Notch1 signaling and the migration of HTLV-1-transformed ATL cells","volume":"11","author":"Bellon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.03.094","article-title":"Activation of Notch1 signaling by HTLV-1 tax promotes proliferation of adult T-cell leukemia cells","volume":"512","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1601537113","article-title":"Oncogenic mutations in the FBXW7 gene of adult T-cell leukemia patients","volume":"113","author":"Yeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500516","article-title":"CD46 activation regulates miR-150-Mediated control of GLUT1 expression and cytokine secretion in human CD4+ T cells","volume":"196","author":"King","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(03)00881-x","article-title":"The ubiquitous glucose transporter GLUT-1 is a receptor for HTLV","volume":"115","author":"Manel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121427109","article-title":"Glut1-mediated glucose transport regulates HIV infection","volume":"109","author":"Loisel-Meyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111386","article-title":"miR-150 regulates the development of NK and iNKT cells","volume":"208","author":"Bezman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.02.018","article-title":"MicroRNA-150 regulates the cytotoxicity of natural killers by targeting perforin-1","volume":"134","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2011.81","article-title":"The role of microRNA-150 as a tumor suppressor in malignant lymphoma","volume":"25","author":"Watanabe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-017-0639-5","article-title":"MicroRNA-150 enhances radiosensitivity by inhibiting the AKT pathway in NK\/T cell lymphoma","volume":"37","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2006.08.001","article-title":"Longitudinal inhibition of PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signaling by LY294002 and rapamycin induces growth arrest of adult T-cell leukemia cells","volume":"31","author":"Ikezoe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/geu045","article-title":"The expanding role of mTOR in cancer cell growth and proliferation","volume":"30","author":"Cargnello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2018.09.009","article-title":"Expression of the miR-150 tumor suppressor is restored by and synergizes with rapamycin in a human leukemia T-cell line","volume":"11","author":"Podshivalova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.256","article-title":"miR-150 exerts antileukemia activity in vitro and in vivo through regulating genes in multiple pathways","volume":"7","author":"Fang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2011.02123.x","article-title":"Activation of mTOR by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 tax is important for the transformation of mouse T cells to interleukin-2-independent growth","volume":"103","author":"Yoshita","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2013.181","article-title":"HTLV-1 HBZ positively regulates the mTOR signaling pathway via inhibition of GADD34 activity in the cytoplasm","volume":"33","author":"Mukai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25742","article-title":"Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling by everolimus induces senescence in adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma and apoptosis in peripheral T-cell lymphomas","volume":"129","author":"Darwiche","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B72","article-title":"Transcription profile of cells infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type I compared with activated lymphocytes","volume":"62","author":"Pise-Masison","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2021.12.003","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of cutaneous T cell lymphoma: Role of chemokines, cytokines, and dysregulated signaling pathways","author":"Patil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-09-527739","article-title":"MicroRNA-150 inhibits tumor invasion and metastasis by targeting the chemokine receptor CCR6, in advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"123","author":"Ito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13810","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibitors inhibit metastasis by restoring a tumor suppressive microRNA-150 in advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"8","author":"Abe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/14.2.147","article-title":"Human T cell leukemia virus type-I tax activates human macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha\/CCL20 gene transcription via the NF-kappa b pathway","volume":"14","author":"Imaizumi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24779","article-title":"Altered expression of CXCR3 and CCR6 and their ligands in HTLV-1 carriers and HAM\/TSP patients","volume":"89","author":"Rafatpanah","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1639","article-title":"Cellular microRNAs contribute to HIV-1 latency in resting primary CD4+ T lymphocytes","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.626325","article-title":"miR-28-3p is a cellular restriction factor that inhibits human T cell leukemia virus, type 1 (HTLV-1) replication and virus infection","volume":"290","author":"Bai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2010.05.001","article-title":"Role of microRNAs in HTLV-1 infection and transformation","volume":"31","author":"Ruggero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI78488","article-title":"Reversal of microRNA-150 silencing disadvantages crizotinib-resistant NPM-ALK(+) cell growth","volume":"125","author":"Hoareau-Aveilla","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2007.30","article-title":"Widespread microRNA repression by myc contributes to tumorigenesis","volume":"40","author":"Chang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808300106","article-title":"Lin-28B transactivation is necessary for myc-mediated let-7 repression and proliferation","volume":"106","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2012.08.028","article-title":"Blockade of miR-150 maturation by MLL-fusion\/MYC\/LIN-28 is required for MLL-associated leukemia","volume":"22","author":"Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.351","article-title":"MicroRNAs in b-cell lymphomas: How a complex biology gets more complex","volume":"29","author":"Musilova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.06.014","article-title":"Targeting the HTLV-I-Regulated BATF3\/IRF4 transcriptional network in adult T cell Leukemia\/Lymphoma","volume":"34","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.12.008","article-title":"Acetylation of the c-MYC oncoprotein is required for cooperation with the HTLV-1 p30(II) accessory protein and the induction of oncogenic cellular transformation by p30(II)\/c-MYC","volume":"476","author":"Romeo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00909-18","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA ANRIL supports proliferation of adult T-cell leukemia cells through cooperation with EZH2","volume":"92","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010201","article-title":"ceRNA network of lncRNA\/miRNA as circulating prognostic biomarkers in non-Hodgkin lymphomas: Bioinformatic analysis and assessment of their prognostic value in an NHL cohort","volume":"23","author":"Fernandes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2021.01.007","article-title":"Extracellular miRNAs and cell-cell communication: Problems and prospects","volume":"46","author":"Makarova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075348","article-title":"Intracellular modulation, extracellular disposal and serum increase of MiR-150 mark lymphocyte activation","volume":"8","author":"de Candia","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.769893","article-title":"Extracellular MicroRNA signature of human helper T cell subsets in health and autoimmunity","volume":"292","author":"Torri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.3390\/v12121422","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles in HTLV-1 communication: The story of an invisible messenger","volume":"12","author":"Al Sharif","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02147","article-title":"HTLV-1 extracellular vesicles promote cell-to-Cell contact","volume":"10","author":"Pinto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.974088\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T11:39:03Z","timestamp":1661168343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.974088\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"references-count":94,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2022.974088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.974088","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"article-number":"974088"}}