{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T02:38:50Z","timestamp":1778121530757,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) leading to liver disease is major concern over other spectrum of disorder. Excessive alcohol consumption resulting in leaky gut syndrome is attributed to alcohol-induced liver injury through portal translocation of bacterial endotoxin. Susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in AUD patients could be dependent upon genes responsible for inflammation and alcohol metabolism. The pattern recognition receptor CD14 gene is a major player in endotoxin-mediated inflammation and susceptibility to ALD. This study investigated the genetic association of CD14 polymorphisms and other mechanisms relevant to altered inflammatory responses leading to ALD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with alcohol use disorder with ALD (n <jats:bold>=<\/jats:bold> 128) and without liver disease (ALC, n = 184) and controls without alcohol use disorder (NALC, n = 152) from North India were enrolled. The CD4 gene polymorphisms in the North Indian population were evaluated by RFLP and sequencing. Secretory CD14 (sCD14), LBP, TLR4, MD2, TNF\u03b1, IL1b, IFN\u03b3, IL6, IL10, and IL4 levels in serum were measured by ELISA among groups. The influence of polymorphisms on CD14 gene promoter activity and circulatory bacterial DNA level was determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The CD14 gene promoter and exonic region SNPs were found to be monomorphic, except for SNP rs2569190 for the North Indian population. The genetic association of SNP rs2569190(C\/T) with the risk of developing ALD was found significant for TT genotype [OR<jats:sub>TT<\/jats:sub>, 95% CI = 2.19, 1.16\u20134.13 for ALD vs. ALC and OR, 2.09, 1.18\u20133.72 for ALD vs. NALC]. An increased sCD14 level was observed in AUD patients compared to NALC control. Increased levels of LBP, TLR4, TNF\u03b1, IL1\u03b2, IFN\u03b3, and IL6 and reduced levels of MD2, IL10, and IL4 were observed among the ALD patients compared to the other two control groups. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory and reduced levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines were observed in the risk genotype TT groups of ALD patients and the ALC group compared to NALC. Promoter activity was observed in the intronic region flanking SNPs and risk genotype can influence reporter activity, indicating CD14 gene expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Enhanced CD14 expression associated with inflammatory responses increases susceptibility to ALD in the TT genotype of AUD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.975027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T06:27:51Z","timestamp":1664260071000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Pattern recognition receptor CD14 gene polymorphisms in alcohol use disorder patients and its Influence on liver disease susceptibility"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Neelanjana","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neeti","family":"Nadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hem","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandreswar","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jyotish","family":"Kumar Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hem Chandra","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Perumal","family":"Vanamail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anoop","family":"Saraya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yatan Pal Singh","family":"Balhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Shalimar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baibaswata","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2","article-title":"Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"396","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Global status report on alcohol and health 2018","year":"2018"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"396","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Global status report on alcohol and health 2014","year":"2014"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.01.023","article-title":"Reply to: \"Alcohol-associated liver disease, not hepatitis b, is the major cause of cirrhosis in asia\"","volume":"70","author":"Devarbhavi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000823","article-title":"Severity and outcome of acute-on-Chronic liver failure is dependent on the etiology of acute hepatic insults: Analysis of 368 patients","volume":"51","author":"Kedia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.11.038","article-title":"Metabolic and genetic risk factors are the strongest predictors of severity of alcohol-related liver fibrosis","volume":"20","author":"Israelsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(97)00114-2","article-title":"DSM-IV alcohol dependence and drinking in the U.S. population: a risk analysis","volume":"7","author":"Caetano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2000.61.617","article-title":"The effect of screening on prevalence estimates of alcohol dependence and social consequences","volume":"61","author":"Tam","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.1.47","article-title":"A 10-year national trend study of alcohol consumption, 1984-1995: is the period of declining drinking over","volume":"90","author":"Greenfield","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260119","article-title":"Association of a tumor necrosis factor promoter polymorphism with susceptibility to alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"26","author":"Grove","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.4.540","article-title":"Interleukin 10 promoter region polymorphisms and susceptibility to advanced alcoholic liver disease","volume":"46","author":"Grove","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp236","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor polymorphisms and alcoholic liver disease: a HuGE review and meta-analysis","volume":"170","author":"Marcos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290536","article-title":"Endotoxin and alcoholic liver disease: tolerance and susceptibility","volume":"29","author":"Hoek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(87)80003-X","article-title":"Endotoxemia in patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic cirrhosis and in subjects with no evidence of chronic liver disease following acute alcohol excess","volume":"4","author":"Bode","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B16","article-title":"Severity of liver injury in experimental alcoholic liver disease. correlation with plasma endotoxin, prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, and thromboxane B2","volume":"142","author":"Nanji","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.156307","article-title":"Toll-like receptors as targets in chronic liver diseases","volume":"58","author":"Mencin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020322800803","article-title":"Recent insights into the role of the innate immune system in the development of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"228","author":"Nagy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/34.3.311","article-title":"Short-term ethanol exposure increases the expression of kupffer cell CD14 receptor and lipopolysaccharide binding protein in rat liver","volume":"34","author":"Lukkari","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301239","article-title":"Genetic determinants of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"61","author":"Stickel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000171977.25531.7A","article-title":"The -159C\/T polymorphism in the promoter region of the CD14 gene is associated with advanced liver disease and higher serum levels of acute-phase proteins in heavy drinkers","volume":"29","author":"Campos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.24236","article-title":"Promoter polymorphism of the CD14 endotoxin receptor gene as a risk factor for alcoholic liver disease","volume":"33","author":"Jarvelainen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.20.5.3494","article-title":"A polymorphism* in the 5' flanking region of the CD14 gene is associated with circulating soluble CD14 levels and with total serum immunoglobulin e","volume":"20","author":"Baldini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.25.3218","article-title":"C(-260)\u2013>T polymorphism in the promoter of the CD14 monocyte receptor gene as a risk factor for myocardial infarction","volume":"99","author":"Hubacek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2012.07.077","article-title":"Genetic variants of TNFalpha, IL10, IL1beta, CTLA4 and TGFbeta1 modulate the indices of alcohol-induced liver injury in East Indian population","volume":"509","author":"Roy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520212504","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis is associated with a promoter polymorphism of lipopolysaccharide receptor gene, CD14","volume":"37","author":"Obana","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-010-9727-7","article-title":"The evolution of alcohol use in India","author":"Sharma","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-832936","article-title":"Epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"24","author":"Mandayam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"B29","volume-title":"Current information on use and harm from alcohol in the south-East Asia region","year":"2007"},{"key":"B30","article-title":"Extent and pattern of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems in north India","volume":"22","author":"Varma","year":"1980","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24694","article-title":"\"Normal\" liver stiffness measure (LSM) values are higher in both lean and obese individuals: a population-based study from a developing country","volume":"55","author":"Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.08.011","article-title":"Assessment of liver fibrosis using transient elastography in patients with alcoholic liver disease","volume":"49","author":"Nahon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1214376","article-title":"Alcohol and liver fibrosis","volume":"29","author":"Cubero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/TACG.S187922","article-title":"A two gene-based risk score predicts alcoholic cirrhosis development in males with at-risk alcohol consumption","volume":"12","author":"Mancina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Clin Genet"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3283612ff1","article-title":"Association between CD14-159C>T polymorphisms and the risk for alcoholic liver disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Zeng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31295-5","article-title":"Genetic factors affecting susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease in an Indian population","volume":"12","author":"Dutta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320972799","article-title":"CD14 (C-159T) polymorphism is associated with increased susceptibility to SLE, and plasma levels of soluble CD14 is a novel biomarker of disease activity: A hospital-based case-control study","volume":"30","author":"Panda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjx178","article-title":"Sensitivity to house dust mites allergens with atopic asthma and its relationship with CD14 c(-159T) polymorphism in patients of West Bengal, India","volume":"55","author":"Ghosh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/gtmb.2017.0029","article-title":"The CD14 rs2569190 TT genotype is associated with chronic periodontitis","volume":"21","author":"Ishaan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genet Test Mol Biomarkers"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2011.12.006","article-title":"Macrophage migration inhibitory factor, toll-like receptor 4, and CD14 polymorphisms with altered expression levels in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"73","author":"Sivaram","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i42.9346","article-title":"Genetic polymorphism in CD14 gene, a co-receptor of TLR4 associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"22","author":"Kapil","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-017-3257-9","article-title":"Association of COL4A1 (rs605143, rs565470) and CD14 (rs2569190) genes polymorphism with coronary artery disease","volume":"445","author":"Raza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.10.5838","article-title":"A common single nucleotide polymorphism in the CD14 promoter decreases the affinity of sp protein binding and enhances transcriptional activity","volume":"167","author":"LeVan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01626.x","article-title":"Alcohol and endotoxin: another path to alcoholic liver injury","volume":"19","author":"Schenker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"B45","article-title":"CD14 and lipopolysaccharide binding protein expression in a rat model of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"152","author":"Su","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1998.00662.x","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) gene polymorphism influences TNF-alpha production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole blood cell culture in healthy humans","volume":"113","author":"Louis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03869.x","article-title":"Use of transfected liver cells to evaluate potential mechanisms of alcohol-induced liver injury","volume":"22","author":"Hill","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.02030.x","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms of interleukin-1beta in association with the development of alcoholic liver disease in Japanese patients","volume":"95","author":"Takamatsu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agh153","article-title":"Interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms and alcoholism in Spanish men","volume":"40","author":"Pastor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxq030","article-title":"IL-6: from its discovery to clinical applications","volume":"22","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.004","article-title":"IL-6 pathway in the liver: From physiopathology to therapy","volume":"64","author":"Schmidt-Arras","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21221","article-title":"Favored T helper 1 response in a mouse model of hepatosteatosis is associated with enhanced T cell-mediated hepatitis","volume":"44","author":"Kremer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.07.001","article-title":"Fat diet and alcohol-induced steatohepatitis after LPS challenge in mice: role of bioactive TNF and Th1 type cytokines","volume":"44","author":"Olleros","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1711.1998.00779.x","article-title":"IL-6, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production by liver-associated T cells and acute liver injury in rats administered concanavalin a","volume":"76","author":"Cao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.6.779","article-title":"IL-18 and IL-12 induce intestinal inflammation and fatty liver in mice in an IFN-gamma dependent manner","volume":"47","author":"Chikano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1589","article-title":"Potential role of interleukin-10-secreting regulatory T cells in allergy and asthma","volume":"5","author":"Hawrylowicz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0412214","article-title":"Regulation of inflammation by interleukin-4: a review of \"alternatives\"","volume":"92","author":"Luzina","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.031732","article-title":"Genetics of liver disease: immunogenetics and disease pathogenesis","volume":"53","author":"Donaldson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.01.038","article-title":"History of interleukin-4","volume":"75","author":"Paul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni809","article-title":"Essential role of MD-2 in LPS responsiveness and TLR4 distribution","volume":"3","author":"Nagai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.211445098","article-title":"Secreted MD-2 is a large polymeric protein that efficiently confers lipopolysaccharide sensitivity to toll-like receptor 4","volume":"98","author":"Visintin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07830","article-title":"The structural basis of lipopolysaccharide recognition by the TLR4-MD-2 complex","volume":"458","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-04-1290","article-title":"Soluble MD-2 activity in plasma from patients with severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"104","author":"Pugin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.32101","article-title":"Lower risk for alcohol-induced cirrhosis in wine drinkers","volume":"35","author":"Becker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)78141-1","article-title":"Sp1 is a critical factor for the monocytic specific expression of human CD14","volume":"269","author":"Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.33.23242","article-title":"CCAAT\/enhancer-binding protein activates the CD14 promoter and mediates transforming growth factor beta signaling in monocyte development","volume":"274","author":"Pan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199209000-00009","article-title":"Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta stimulates hepatic jun-b and fos-b proto-oncogenes and decreases albumin mRNA","volume":"216","author":"Beauchamp","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.048074","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta1 reduces megalin- and cubilin-mediated endocytosis of albumin in proximal-tubule-derived opossum kidney cells","volume":"552","author":"Gekle","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Physiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.975027\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T06:28:04Z","timestamp":1664260084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.975027\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2022.975027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.975027","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"article-number":"975027"}}