{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T21:44:28Z","timestamp":1783028668120,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81861138046, 31772798, 31970507, 31902321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81861138046, 31772798, 31970507, 31902321"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>), as a pandemic foodborne pathogen, severely threatens food security and public health care worldwide, which evolves multiple bacterial virulence factors (such as listeriolysin O, LLO) for manipulating the immune response of <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>-host interactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hemolysis assay was employed to screen a potential LLO inhibitor and the underlying mechanisms were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and oligomerization assay. The effects of candidates on immune response were examined by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting analysis. Histological analysis, ELISA assay and biochemistry detection were conducted to assess <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> efficacy of candidates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the present study, natural terpenoid atractylodin was characterized as an alternative drug candidate for the treatment of <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> by the regulation of LLO function and host Nrf2\/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Notably, <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> infection model by <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> also highlighted that atractylodin treatment provided effective therapeutic benefits, as evidenced by decreased bacterial burden and diminished inflammation. Congruently, the survival rate of <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>-infection mice increased significantly from 10.0% to 40.0% by atractylodin treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Collectively, our study showed for the first time that atractylodin has tremendous potential to attenuate <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> pathogenicity by blocking LLO pore formation and mediating the suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress, providing a promising therapeutic strategy and broadening the applications of atractylodin against <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.977051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T05:35:26Z","timestamp":1666935326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-virulence roles of atractylodin in attenuating Listeria monocytogenes 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