{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:12:34Z","timestamp":1790262754590,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of food allergy (FA) has been increasing in recent years and has become an important public health, food safety, and clinical nutrition problem. However, population-based studies on the prevalence of FA are very limited in China. This study aims to determine the prevalence and pattern of parent-reported FA among school children in Jiangxi Province, China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicenter cross-sectional study on FA was conducted on primary school children aged 6-11 years old using random cluster sampling with a questionnaire survey. Parent-reported FA was used and defined as individual-reported FA by parent or guardian through a questionnaire in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the total of 8,856 (96.36%) complete questionnaires received, 727 (8.2%) children had adverse reactions to food (ARF). The prevalence rates of parent-reported FA and doctor-diagnosed FA were 6.2% and 3.3%, respectively. Animal-derived foods were the main causative source of FA, and the three leading allergenic foods were shrimp, mango, and mollusks. Skin reactions were the most common clinical manifestations of FA, accounting for 63.7%, and 45.32% of the subjects with parent-reported FA experienced severe allergic reactions. There was a significant difference in parent-reported FA between different survey centers, and FA risk increased significantly in children with other allergic diseases (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;0.001) and small family size (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.026). The FA prevalence was significantly higher among children aged 8-11 years than those aged 6-7 years (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.020).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A high prevalence of parent-reported FA was observed among children in general primary schools in Jiangxi Province, China. Shrimp, mango, and mollusks were the most common causative foods. The main common symptoms of FA were adverse reactions relating to the skin system. The rate of severe allergic reactions was also high in Jiangxi Children with reported FA. Local standards and policies for the prevention and management of FA need to be adjusted on a timely basis according to actual local conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.982660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T01:30:00Z","timestamp":1670808600000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Prevalence of parent-reported food allergy among children in China: A population-based cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hua","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangdong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiujuan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongning","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckt010","article-title":"Health sector costs of self-reported food allergy in Europe: a patient-based cost of illness study","volume":"23","author":"Fox","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina48050038","article-title":"Europrevall survey on prevalence and pattern of self-reported adverse reactions to food and food allergies among primary schoolchildren in Vilnius, lithuania","volume":"48","author":"Kavali\u016bnas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prevalence Food Allerg, Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-021-00960-2","article-title":"The association between overweight and prevalence of food allergy in Japanese children: a cross-sectional study","volume":"26","author":"Hayashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040732","article-title":"Food allergy education and management in schools: A scoping review on current practices and gaps","volume":"14","author":"Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000464361","article-title":"A survey of self-reported food allergy and food-related anaphylaxis among young adult students at Kuwait university, Kuwait","volume":"26","author":"Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-017-2535-6","article-title":"Food allergy in children: An overview","volume":"85","author":"Devdas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8725-9","article-title":"Regional differences in food allergies","volume":"57","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1080\/24694193.2021.1883771","article-title":"Protocols for managing food allergies in elementary and secondary schools","volume":"4","author":"Heideman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compr Child Adolesc Nurs"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.12.002","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine for food allergy and eczema","volume":"126","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.908365","article-title":"Prevalence of self-reported food allergy in six regions of inner Mongolia, northern China: A population-based survey","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14823","article-title":"Children of Asian ethnicity in Australia have higher risk of food allergy and early-onset eczema than those in Singapore","volume":"76","author":"Suaini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.608372","article-title":"Strategies and future opportunities for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of cow milk allergy","volume":"12","author":"Zepeda-Ortega","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.11.020","article-title":"Food allergy: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"133","author":"Sicherer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.636612","article-title":"Oral immunotherapy for food-allergic children: A pro-con debate","volume":"12","author":"Mori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.11.042","article-title":"Comparative study of food allergies in children from China, India, and Russia: The EuroPrevall-INCO surveys","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol: In Pract"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13490","article-title":"Time trends of childhood food allergy in China: Three cross-sectional surveys in 1999, 2009, and 2019","volume":"32","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-018-1891-1","article-title":"In situ simulation in the management of anaphylaxis in a pediatric emergency department","volume":"14","author":"Barni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000531","article-title":"Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis","volume":"19","author":"Foong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13307","article-title":"Novel insights regarding anaphylaxis in children - with a focus on Prevalence,Diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"31","author":"Nagakura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.11.046","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of peanut allergy in US adults","volume":"147","author":"Warren","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.05.047","article-title":"Prevalence of sensitization to food allergens, reported adverse reaction to foods, food avoidance, and food hypersensitivity among teenagers","volume":"116","author":"Pereira","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2016.03.003","article-title":"Self-reported prevalence of food allergy in Mexican schoolchildren: A population-based study","volume":"44","author":"Ontiveros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2008.00801.x","article-title":"Self-reported adverse food reactions in Hong Kong Chinese pre-schoolers: epidemiology, clinical spectrum and risk factors","volume":"20","author":"Leung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2010.03166.x","article-title":"Comparison of food allergy prevalence among Chinese infants in chongqing, 2009 versus 1999","volume":"52","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2022.162","article-title":"Meta-analysis: Prevalence of food allergy and food allergens \u2014 China, 2000\u20132021","volume":"4","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"China CDC Weekly"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2009.02046.x","article-title":"The EuroPrevall surveys on the prevalence of food allergies in children and adults: background and study methodology","volume":"64","author":"Kummeling","year":"2009","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2022.159","article-title":"A methodology of epidemiologic study in the general population focusing on food allergy \u2014 China, 2020","volume":"4","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"China CDC Weekly"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.05.041","article-title":"Prevalence of clinic-defined food allergy in early adolescence: The SchoolNuts study","volume":"141","author":"Sasaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2006-95","article-title":"IgE-mediated food allergy throughout life","volume":"51","author":"Celebioglu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.03.029","article-title":"US Prevalence of self-reported peanut, tree nut, and sesame allergy: 11-year follow-up","volume":"125","author":"Sicherer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.12.007","article-title":"Food allergy as a biological food quality control system","volume":"3","author":"Esther","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13868","article-title":"A review of freely available online support for food allergy-related emotional well-being","volume":"51","author":"Vreeken-Ross","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8710-3","article-title":"IgE-mediated food allergy","volume":"57","author":"Anvari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2020.03.004","article-title":"Japanese Guidelines for food allergy 2020","volume":"69","author":"Ebisawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13590\/j.cjfh.2021.03.009","article-title":"Self-reported food allergy and its familial aggregation in college students","volume":"33","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Food Hygiene"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.07.048","article-title":"Environmental factors associated with allergy in urban and rural children from the south African food allergy (SAFFA) cohort","volume":"145","author":"Levin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.06.021","article-title":"Risk factors for severe anaphylaxis in children","volume":"225","author":"Olabarri","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20605","article-title":"Food allergy and asthma morbidity in children","volume":"42","author":"Simpson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.07.026","article-title":"National prevalence and risk factors for food allergy and relationship to asthma: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2005-2006","volume":"126","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18010347","article-title":"Prevalence of self-reported food allergies and their association with other health conditions among adults in Saudi Arabia","volume":"18","author":"Althumiri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15092043","article-title":"The epidemiology of food allergy in the global context","volume":"15","author":"Loh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rgmxen.2022.01.002","article-title":"Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of cow's milk protein allergy of the Latin American society for pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition","volume":"87","author":"Toca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev gastroenterologia Mexico (English)"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.982660\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T01:30:05Z","timestamp":1670808605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.982660\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2022.982660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.982660","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"article-number":"982660"}}