{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T14:59:11Z","timestamp":1772722751737,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic and progressive disease of the liver. This is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with both environmental factors and genetic factors playing a role in its pathogenesis. Certain environmental agents like viruses, drugs, etc., can trigger the disease in a genetically susceptible individual. The present study was aimed to explore the distribution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1, Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) polymorphisms in North Indian adult AIH patients and their associations with clinical and pathological characteristics associated with the disease. A total of 147 subjects with 47 cases and 100 healthy controls were enrolled. Diagnosis of AIH was made by Revised International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group scoring system. HLA-DRB1 Typing was done by Luminex-based reverse Sequence-Specific Oligonucleotide Probing (SSOP). Single nucleotide variant (SNV) genotyping for CTLA-4 and PTPN22 was done by simple probe-based SNP arrays. Results indicated SLA positive AIH patients are poor responders to therapy. A significant predispositional association of HLA-DRB1*03 was observed in AIH patients from the North Indian population (p= 0.0001, OR=4.83 (2.30-10.15). The frequency of the GG genotype of CTLA-4 CT 60 was significantly increased in AIH patients compared to controls. Multinomial analysis showed that CTLA-4 CT 60 is an independent predictor for cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.984083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T05:07:09Z","timestamp":1674018429000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["HLA and Non-HLA gene polymorphisms in autoimmune hepatitis patients of North Indian adults"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nishtha","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jagdeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ranjana 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