{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:55:39Z","timestamp":1791910539035,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>CARD9<\/jats:italic> mutations are known to predispose patients to phaeohyphomycosis caused by different dematiaceous fungal species. In this study, we report for the first time a patient of chromoblastomycosis caused by <jats:italic>Phialophora expanda<\/jats:italic>, who harbored <jats:italic>CARD9<\/jats:italic> mutation. Through a series of <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> studies, especially a comparative transcriptome study, we compared this case with our former patient suffering from phaeohyphomycosis caused by <jats:italic>Phialophora americana<\/jats:italic>. We showed that <jats:italic>P. expanda<\/jats:italic> is prone to forming sclerotic bodies both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and in <jats:italic>Card9<\/jats:italic> knockout mice, and has a stronger immunogenicity than <jats:italic>P. americana<\/jats:italic>. These data preliminary demonstrated that besides host defense, fungal specificity also contributed to the clinical phenotype in <jats:italic>CARD9<\/jats:italic> deficient patients with dematiaceous fungal infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.984093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T06:56:45Z","timestamp":1662706605000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["CARD9 deficiency predisposing chromoblastomycosis: A case report and comparative transcriptome 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