{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:30:00Z","timestamp":1789587000299,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Duck cholera (duck hemorrhagic septicemia) is a highly contagious disease caused by <jats:italic>Pasteurella multocida<\/jats:italic>, and is one of the major bacterial diseases currently affecting the duck industry. Type A is the predominant pathogenic serotype. In this study, the genes encoding the lipoproteins VacJ, PlpE, and the outer membrane protein OmpH of <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic> strain PMWSG-4 were cloned and expressed as proteins in <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>. The recombinant VacJ (84.4 kDa), PlpE (94.8 kDa), and OmpH (96.7 kDa) proteins were purified, and subunit vaccines were formulated with a single water-in-oil adjuvant, while killed vaccines were prepared using a single oil-coated adjuvant. Antibody responses in ducks vaccinated with recombinant VacJ, PlpE, and OmpH proteins formulated with adjuvants were significantly antigenic (p&amp;lt;0.005). Protectivity of the vaccines was evaluated <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> the intraperitoneal challenge of ducks with 20 LD50 doses of <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic> A: 1. The vaccine formulation consisting of rVacJ, rPlpE, rOmpH, and adjuvant provided 33.3%, 83.33%, and 83.33% protection, respectively, the vaccine formulation consisting of three recombinant proteins, rVacJ, rPlpE, rOmpH and adjuvant, was 100% protective, and the killed vaccine was 50% protective. In addition, it was shown through histopathological examination and tissue bacterial load detection that all vaccines could reduce tissue damage and bacterial colonization to varying (p&amp;lt;0.001). These findings indicated that recombinant PlpE or OmpH fusion proteins formulated with oil adjuvants have the potential to be used as vaccine candidates against duck cholera subunits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.985993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T05:05:45Z","timestamp":1665119145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the recombinant Pasteurella multocida lipoproteins VacJ and PlpE, and outer membrane protein H from P. multocida A:1 in 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