{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:15:20Z","timestamp":1787026520054,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is a novel cell therapeutic approach that is increasingly being used to treat patients with relapsed refractory B-cell lymphoma. Despite the efficacy of CAR T cell therapy, it has various adverse effects that can affect any organ in the body. The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors such as programmed death 1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand 1 (PDL-1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies has previously been reported to be associated with immune-related adverse events such as thyroid dysfunction and thyroiditis. Reports of immune-related adverse reactions after CAR T therapy are currently extremely rare, with only one case of a cytokine storm (CRS) combined with severe arthritis in a patient with ALL after treatment. Here, we describe two cases of Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis secondary to CAR T therapy. Two patients with relapsed refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma developed elevated peroxidase and globulin antibodies secondary to CAR-T cell therapy and developed Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis. Complete remission was achieved in two patients at 1 and 3 months after CAR-T cell therapy. The inflammation of the thyroid tissue may be directly or indirectly related to CAR T cell therapy, and the mechanisms needs to be further investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.995496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T00:42:50Z","timestamp":1666831370000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Case report: Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis after CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Panpan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongming","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhan","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huawei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1706169","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor therapy","volume":"379","author":"June","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25445","article-title":"Toxicities of CD19 CAR-T cell immunotherapy","volume":"94","author":"Hirayama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01973","article-title":"Neurotoxicity and cytokine release syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy: Insights into mechanisms and novel therapies","volume":"11","author":"Siegler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010455","article-title":"Arthritis of large joints shown as a rare clinical feature of cytokine release syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy: A case report","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102649","article-title":"Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis: An update on pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic protocols, therapeutic strategies, and potential malignant transformation","volume":"19","author":"Ralli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00006","article-title":"Endocrine toxicity of cancer immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints","volume":"40","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.205","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy - immune checkpoint blockade and associated endocrinopathies","volume":"13","author":"Byun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.3064","article-title":"Incidence of endocrine dysfunction following the use of different immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Barroso-Sousa","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.011","article-title":"Understanding and treating the inflammatory adverse events of cancer immunotherapy","volume":"184","author":"Dougan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.995496\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T00:42:53Z","timestamp":1666831373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.995496\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"references-count":9,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2022.995496"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.995496","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"article-number":"995496"}}