{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:58:33Z","timestamp":1792047513062,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hematopoietic cell transplantation is an established curative treatment option for various hematological malignant, and non-malignant diseases. However, the success of HCT is still limited by life-threatening early complications post-HCT, such as Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD), Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (SOS), and transplant-associated microangiopathy, to name a few. A decade of research in the discovery and validation of novel blood-based biomarkers aims to manage these early complications by using them for diagnosis or prognosis. Advances in this field have also led to predictive biomarkers to identify patients\u2019 likelihood of response to therapy. Although biomarkers have been extensively evaluated for different complications, these are yet to be used in routine clinical practice. This review provides a detailed summary of various biomarkers for individual early complications post-HCT, their discovery, validation, ongoing clinical trials, and their limitations. Furthermore, this review also provides insights into the biology of biomarkers and the challenge of obtaining a universal cut-off value for biomarkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1100306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T11:49:57Z","timestamp":1675338597000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Biomarkers for early complications post hematopoietic cell transplantation: Insights and challenges"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Balaji","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uday Prakash","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aswin Anand","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raveen Stephen Stallon","family":"Illangeswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezhilpavai","family":"Mohanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikram","family":"Mathews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biju","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poonkuzhali","family":"Balasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Graft versus host disease. StatPearls","author":"Justiz Vaillant","year":"2022"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-02278-5_49","article-title":"Hepatic complications","volume-title":"The EBMT handbook: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and cellular therapies","author":"Ruutu","year":"2019"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-02278-5_43","article-title":"Acute graft-Versus-Host disease","volume-title":"The EBMT handbook: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and cellular therapies","author":"Holler","year":"2019"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1213299","article-title":"ST2 as a marker for risk of therapy-resistant graft-versus-host disease and death","volume":"369","author":"Vander Lugt","year":"2013","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(14)00035-0","article-title":"A prognostic score for acute graft-versus-host disease based on biomarkers: a multicentre study","volume":"2","author":"Levine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Haematology."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e89798","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.89798","article-title":"An early-biomarker algorithm predicts lethal graft-versus-host disease and survival","volume":"2","author":"Hartwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1033263","article-title":"Use of the NIH consensus criteria in cellular and soluble biomarker research in chronic graft-versus-host disease: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Milosevic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2113476118","article-title":"Cell-free DNA profiling informs all major complications of hematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"119","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci United States America"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901575","article-title":"IL-33 amplifies the polarization of alternatively activated macrophages that contribute to airway inflammation","volume":"183","author":"Kurowska-Stolarska","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(93)81333-U","article-title":"Presence of a novel primary response gene ST2L, encoding a product highly similar to the interleukin 1 receptor type 1","volume":"318","author":"Yanagisawa","year":"1993","journal-title":"FEBS letters."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2013.02.026","article-title":"Implications for interleukin-33 in solid organ transplantation","volume":"62","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2692","article-title":"Disease-associated functions of IL-33: the new kid in the IL-1 family","volume":"10","author":"Liew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxn060","article-title":"IL-33 amplifies both Th1- and Th2-type responses through its activity on human basophils, allergen-reactive Th2 cells, iNKT and NK cells","volume":"20","author":"Smithgall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-07-273417","article-title":"Interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory diseases","volume":"117","author":"Dinarello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.09.015","article-title":"IL-33, an interleukin-1-like cytokine that signals via the IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2 and induces T helper type 2-associated cytokines","volume":"23","author":"Schmitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.11.010","article-title":"The interleukin-1 family: back to the future","volume":"39","author":"Garlanda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-10-606830","article-title":"The IL-33\/ST2 axis augments effector T-cell responses during acute GVHD","volume":"125","author":"Reichenbach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308ra160","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aab0166","article-title":"ST2 blockade reduces sST2-producing T cells while maintaining protective mST2-expressing T cells during graft-versus-host disease","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Trans Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1127119","article-title":"Symbiotic bacteria direct expression of an intestinal bactericidal lectin","volume":"313","author":"Cash","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1720","article-title":"Interleukin-22 mediates early host defense against attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-02-485813","article-title":"Low paneth cell numbers at onset of gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease identify patients at high risk for nonrelapse mortality","volume":"122","author":"Levine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-08-375006","article-title":"Regenerating islet-derived 3-alpha is a biomarker of gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease","volume":"118","author":"Ferrara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI99261","article-title":"Survival signal REG3alpha prevents crypt apoptosis to control acute gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease","volume":"128","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.05.028","article-title":"Interleukin-22 protects intestinal stem cells from immune-mediated tissue damage and regulates sensitivity to graft versus host disease","volume":"37","author":"Hanash","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.61","article-title":"Donor interleukin-22 and host type I interferon signaling pathway participate in intestinal graft-versus-host disease via STAT1 activation and CXCL10","volume":"9","author":"Lamarthee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2013.39","article-title":"IL-22 deficiency in donor T cells attenuates murine acute graft-versus-host disease mortality while sparing the graft-versus-leukemia effect","volume":"27","author":"Couturier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leukemia."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21133-3","article-title":"IL-22-dependent dysbiosis and mononuclear phagocyte depletion contribute to steroid-resistant gut graft-versus-host disease in mice","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0224-6","article-title":"TIM3 comes of age as an inhibitory receptor","volume":"20","author":"Wolf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.7.4409","article-title":"Lack of TIM-3 immunoregulation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"180","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1579","article-title":"Galectin-9 and T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 pathway is a therapeutic target for type 1 diabetes","volume":"153","author":"Kanzaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15954","article-title":"TIM-3 is a potential prognostic marker for patients with solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2013.06.011","article-title":"A novel soluble form of Tim-3 associated with severe graft-versus-host disease","volume":"19","author":"Hansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Blood marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010428317715643","DOI":"10.1177\/1010428317715643","article-title":"Tim-3 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of osteosarcoma","volume":"39","author":"Ge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tumour Biol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.3.1411","article-title":"Soluble form of T cell ig mucin 3 is an inhibitory molecule in T cell-mediated immune response","volume":"176","author":"Geng","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.7.4281","article-title":"Preferential involvement of Tim-3 in the regulation of hepatic CD8+ T cells in murine acute graft-versus-host disease","volume":"177","author":"Oikawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20050115","article-title":"SLPI and elafin: one glove, many fingers","volume":"110","author":"Williams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin science."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004030050475","article-title":"TNF-alpha and serum induce SKALP\/elafin gene expression in human keratinocytes by a p38 MAP kinase-dependent pathway","volume":"292","author":"Pfundt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60237-3","article-title":"Graft-versus-host disease","volume":"373","author":"Ferrara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-015-0840-7","article-title":"A CT60GA polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene of the recipient may confer susceptibility to acute graft versus host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"67","author":"Karabon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2015.03.011","article-title":"Pretransplant donor and recipient CTLA-4 mRNA and protein levels as a prognostic marker for aGvHD in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"165","author":"Karabon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol letters."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3826989","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3826989","article-title":"The influence of genetic variations in the CD86 gene on the outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"2018","author":"Karabon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12949","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of steroid-responsive acute graft-versus-host disease","volume":"31","author":"Arora","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.130413","article-title":"A panel of 4 biomarkers for the early diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy of aGVHD","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154173","article-title":"Soluble DNAM-1, as a predictive biomarker for acute graft-Versus-Host disease","volume":"11","author":"Kanaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02319","article-title":"Interleukin-6 as biomarker for acute GvHD and survival after allogeneic transplant with post-transplant cyclophosphamide","volume":"10","author":"Greco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2017.11.026","article-title":"Risk factors for severe acute graft-versus-Host disease in donor graft composition","volume":"24","author":"Stikvoort","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Blood marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2009.01.016","article-title":"Cellular immune reconstitution and its impact on clinical outcome in children with beta thalassemia major undergoing a matched related myeloablative allogeneic bone marrow transplant","volume":"15","author":"Rajasekar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Blood marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13ra2","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3000406","article-title":"Elafin is a biomarker of graft-versus-host disease of the skin","volume":"2","author":"Paczesny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Trans Med"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.06.039","article-title":"Prognostic biomarkers for acute graft-versus-host disease risk after cyclophosphamide-fludarabine nonmyeloablative allotransplantation","volume":"20","author":"Nelson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Blood marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02338","article-title":"ST2 and REG3alpha as predictive biomarkers after haploidentical stem cell transplantation using post-transplantation high-dose cyclophosphamide","volume":"10","author":"Solan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2017-204399","article-title":"Composite biomarker panel for prediction of severity and diagnosis of acute GVHD with T-cell-depleted allogeneic stem cell transplants-single centre pilot study","volume":"70","author":"Min","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin pathology."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10328","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28614-4","article-title":"Soluble interleukin-27 receptor alpha is a valuable prognostic biomarker for acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03158","article-title":"Preliminary results of a combined score based on sIL2-ralpha and TIM-3 levels assayed early after hematopoietic transplantation","volume":"10","author":"Leotta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2011.059980","article-title":"A molecular and computational diagnostic approach identifies FOXP3, ICOS, CD52 and CASP1 as the most informative biomarkers in acute graft-versus-host disease","volume":"97","author":"Cuzzola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Haematologica."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.129494","article-title":"A distinct glycerophospholipid metabolism signature of acute graft versus host disease with predictive value","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.639171","article-title":"Profiling tissue and biofluid miR-155-5p, miR-155(*), and miR-146a-5p expression in graft vs. host disease","volume":"12","author":"Crossland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-017-2974-1","article-title":"Fecal but not serum calprotectin is a potential marker of GVHD after stem cell transplantation","volume":"96","author":"Metafuni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann hematology."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-018-0170-z","article-title":"Amphiregulin in intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease: a possible diagnostic and prognostic aid","volume":"32","author":"Amin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Modern Pathol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13678","article-title":"Utility of tissue elafin as an immunohistochemical marker for diagnosis of acute skin graft-versus-host disease: a pilot study","volume":"44","author":"Mahabal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14785","article-title":"Limited utility of plasma elafin as a biomarker for skin graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic stem cell transplantation","volume":"46","author":"George","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092493","article-title":"Exosomal miRNA signatures for late-onset acute graft-Versus-Host disease in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"19","author":"Yoshizawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000791","article-title":"The MAGIC algorithm probability is a validated response biomarker of treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease","volume":"3","author":"Srinagesh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood advances."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0726-z","article-title":"Disease risk and GVHD biomarkers can stratify patients for risk of relapse and nonrelapse mortality post hematopoietic cell transplant","volume":"34","author":"Aziz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leukemia."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-021-04727-1","article-title":"Elevated REG3alpha predicts refractory aGVHD in patients who received steroids-ruxolitinib as first-line therapy","volume":"101","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann hematology."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.99208","article-title":"From proteomics to discovery of first-in-class ST2 inhibitors active in vivo","volume":"3","author":"Ramadan","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003336","article-title":"Biomarker-guided preemption of steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease with alpha-1-antitrypsin","volume":"4","author":"Gergoudis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood advances."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2021.06.003","article-title":"A biomarker-guided, prospective, phase 2 trial of pre-emptive graft-versus-host disease therapy using anti-thymocyte globulin","volume":"23","author":"Khanolkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytotherapy."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2009.08.024","article-title":"Hepatic veno-occlusive disease following stem cell transplantation: incidence, clinical course, and outcome","volume":"16","author":"Coppell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Blood marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2010.02.016","article-title":"Prediction of veno-occlusive disease using biomarkers of endothelial injury","volume":"16","author":"Cutler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Blood marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840040121","article-title":"Venocclusive disease of the liver after bone marrow transplantation: diagnosis, incidence, and predisposing factors","volume":"4","author":"McDonald","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2015.52","article-title":"Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome\/veno-occlusive disease: current situation and perspectives-a position statement from the European society for blood and marrow transplantation (EBMT)","volume":"50","author":"Mohty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone marrow transplantation."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5045\/br.2015.50.3.123","article-title":"Biomarkers for hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after hematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood Res"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/tjh.galenos.2021.2021.0174","article-title":"Pre-conditioning serum uric acid as a risk factor for sinusoidal obstruction syndrome of the liver in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"38","author":"Visal Okur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turkish J haematology"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2020.06.016","article-title":"Imaging in hepatic veno-occlusive Disease\/Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Blood marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2013.11.026","article-title":"Cytokine and chemokine patterns across 100 days after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children","volume":"20","author":"DiCarlo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Blood marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.20310","article-title":"GSTA1 diplotypes affect busulfan clearance and toxicity in children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a multicenter study","volume":"8","author":"Ansari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-11-3778","article-title":"Glutathione s-transferase M1 polymorphism: a risk factor for hepatic venoocclusive disease in bone marrow transplantation","volume":"104","author":"Srivastava","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705786","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 2C19 loss-of-function polymorphism is associated with an increased treatment-related mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation","volume":"40","author":"Elmaagacli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone marrow transplantation."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-014-1857-2","article-title":"Heparanase polymorphisms: influence on incidence of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"141","author":"Seifert","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.26","article-title":"Prognostic plasma biomarkers of early complications and graft-versus-host disease in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"1","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2020","journal-title":"EJHaem."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1703026","article-title":"Serum levels of soluble adhesion molecules in stem cell transplantation-related complications","volume":"27","author":"Matsuda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bone marrow transplantation."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2015.07.004","article-title":"Biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after hematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"21","author":"Akil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Blood marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B83","article-title":"Endothelium and bone marrow transplantation","volume":"17","author":"Catani","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bone marrow transplantation."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12420","article-title":"Soluble thrombomodulin attenuates sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in rat through suppression of high mobility group box 1","volume":"34","author":"Nakamura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2010.02.008","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: role of the conditioning regimen and the type of transplantation","volume":"16","author":"Palomo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Blood marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290615","article-title":"Characterization of a reproducible rat model of hepatic veno-occlusive disease","volume":"29","author":"DeLeve","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002770050364","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction after bone marrow transplantation: increase of soluble thrombomodulin and PAI-1 in patients with multiple transplant-related complications","volume":"76","author":"Nurnberger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann hematology."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2013.08.015","article-title":"Level of vascular endothelial growth factor predicts both relapse and nonrelapse mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"19","author":"Moiseev","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Blood marrow"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-018-2269-x","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of serum microRNAs in hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) in rats: implication as early phase biomarkers for SOS","volume":"92","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch toxicology."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1701163","article-title":"Monitoring soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in related and unrelated donor allogenic bone marrow transplantation","volume":"21","author":"Foley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bone marrow transplantation."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2017.43","article-title":"Associations between levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"52","author":"Weischendorff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone marrow transplantation."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.238790","article-title":"Predicting sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation with the EASIX biomarker panel","volume":"106","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-02-138867","article-title":"Change in plasma tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 levels in the first week after myeloablative allogeneic transplantation correlates with severity and incidence of GVHD and survival","volume":"112","author":"Choi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.2.656","article-title":"The p55 TNF-alpha receptor plays a critical role in T cell alloreactivity","volume":"164","author":"Hill","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.641427","article-title":"Biomarkers for early complications of endothelial origin after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Do they have a potential clinical role","volume":"12","author":"Lia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2013.09.005","article-title":"Serum neutrophil extracellular trap levels predict thrombotic microangiopathy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation","volume":"19","author":"Arai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Blood marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1700185","article-title":"ST2 and endothelial injury as a link between GVHD and microangiopathy","volume":"376","author":"Rotz","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.695037","article-title":"Early elevation of complement factor ba is a predictive biomarker for transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy","volume":"12","author":"Okamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26273","article-title":"Procalcitonin and cytokine profiles in engraftment syndrome in pediatric stem cell transplantation","volume":"64","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25378","article-title":"Procalcitonin as a biomarker to differentiate bacterial infections from engraftment syndrome following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma","volume":"94","author":"Knoll","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J hematology"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19616-3","article-title":"Procalcitonin guiding antimicrobial therapy duration in febrile cancer patients with documented infection or neutropenia","volume":"8","author":"Haddad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22147","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of procalcitonin, presepsin, and c-reactive protein in patients with hematological malignancies","volume":"31","author":"Ebihara","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030623","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A review based on physiopathology","volume":"11","author":"Milone","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16621","article-title":"Endothelial cell function and endothelial-related disorders following haematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"190","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J haematology."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-10-387357","article-title":"Plasma biomarkers of lower gastrointestinal and liver acute GVHD","volume":"119","author":"Harris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-03-636753","article-title":"Plasma biomarkers of acute GVHD and nonrelapse mortality: predictive value of measurements before GVHD onset and treatment","volume":"126","author":"McDonald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-08-735324","article-title":"Plasma biomarkers of risk for death in a multicenter phase 3 trial with uniform transplant characteristics post-allogeneic HCT","volume":"129","author":"Abu Zaid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.152322","article-title":"Plasma-derived proteomic biomarkers in human leukocyte antigen-haploidentical or human leukocyte antigen-matched bone marrow transplantation using post-transplantation cyclophosphamide","volume":"102","author":"Kanakry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Haematologica."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2021.08.021","article-title":"Evaluation of elafin as a prognostic biomarker in acute graft-versus-Host disease","volume":"27","author":"Zewde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1100306\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T11:50:02Z","timestamp":1675338602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1100306\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"references-count":109,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1100306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1100306","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"article-number":"1100306"}}