{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:15:11Z","timestamp":1787026511165,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017668","name":"Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Plan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Age\/autoimmunity-associated B cells (ABCs) are a novel B cell subpopulation with a unique transcriptional signature and cell surface phenotype. They are not sensitive to BCR but rely on TLR7 or TLR9 in the context of T cell-derived cytokines for the differentiation. It has been established that aberrant expansion of ABCs is linked to the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Recently, we and other groups have shown that increased ABCs is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity and have demonstrated their pathogenic role in RA, indicating that targeting specific B cell subsets is a promising strategy for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of ABCs, focusing on their emerging role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. A deep understanding of the biology of ABCs in the context of inflammatory settings\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    will ultimately contribute to the development of novel targeted therapies for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1103307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T23:53:32Z","timestamp":1674518012000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Age\/autoimmunity-associated B cells in inflammatory arthritis: An emerging therapeutic target"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhen-yu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Long","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6609e1","article-title":"Vital signs: Prevalence of doctor-diagnosed arthritis and arthritis-attributable activity limitation - united states, 2013-2015","volume":"66","author":"Barbour","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay1548","article-title":"Using genetics to prioritize diagnoses for rheumatology outpatients with inflammatory arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Knevel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18001","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.1","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"4","author":"Smolen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00790-8","article-title":"Synovial tissue macrophages in joint homeostasis, rheumatoid arthritis and disease remission","volume":"18","author":"Kurowska-Stolarska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0107-2","article-title":"B cells still front and centre in immunology","volume":"19","author":"Tarlinton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-008-0014-5","article-title":"The role of b lymphocytes as antigen-presenting cells","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3795","article-title":"The generation of antibody-secreting plasma cells","volume":"15","author":"Nutt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.04.005","article-title":"Regulatory b cells: origin, phenotype, and function","volume":"42","author":"Rosser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2014-000009","article-title":"Therapeutic implications of autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"2","author":"Aletaha","year":"2016","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12792","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12792","article-title":"CD21(-\/low) b cells associate with joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"90","author":"Thorarinsdottir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.139032","article-title":"Pathogenic, glycolytic PD-1+ b cells accumulate in the hypoxic RA joint","volume":"5","author":"Floudas","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032534","article-title":"Efficacy of b-cell-targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"350","author":"Edwards","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2017-0178","article-title":"Consequences of b-cell-depleting therapy: hypogammaglobulinemia and impaired b-cell reconstitution","volume":"10","author":"Sacco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-01-330530","article-title":"A b-cell subset uniquely responsive to innate stimuli accumulates in aged mice","volume":"118","author":"Hao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-01-331462","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-driven accumulation of a novel CD11c+ b-cell population is important for the development of autoimmunity","volume":"118","author":"Rubtsov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108937","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA xist contribution in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"236","author":"Bost","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312348110","article-title":"T-Box transcription factor T-bet, a key player in a unique type of b-cell activation essential for effective viral clearance","volume":"110","author":"Rubtsova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500368","article-title":"Cutting edge: B cell-intrinsic T-bet expression is required to control chronic viral infection","volume":"197","author":"Barnett","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006576","article-title":"Malaria-induced interferon-\u03b3 drives the expansion of tbethi atypical memory b cells","volume":"13","author":"Obeng-Adjei","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13705","article-title":"IgD(+) age-associated b cells are the progenitors of the main T-independent b cell response to infection that generates protective ab and can be induced by an inactivated vaccine in the aged","volume":"21","author":"Kugler-Umana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1438-2","article-title":"T-bet(+)CD11c(+) b cells are critical for antichromatin immunoglobulin G production in the development of lupus","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03750-7","article-title":"IL-21 drives expansion and plasma cell differentiation of autoreactive CD11c(hi)T-bet(+) b cells in SLE","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.08.015","article-title":"Distinct effector b cells induced by unregulated toll-like receptor 7 contribute to pathogenic responses in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"49","author":"Jenks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37828","article-title":"Expansion of autoreactive unresponsive CD21-\/low b cells in sjogren\u2019s syndrome-associated lymphoproliferation","volume":"65","author":"Saadoun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502448","article-title":"Age-associated b cells with proinflammatory characteristics are expanded in a proportion of multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"197","author":"Claes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201911-2151OC","article-title":"Age-associated b cells appear in patients with granulomatous lung diseases","volume":"202","author":"Phalke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102891","article-title":"Regulatory b cells in patients suffering from inborn errors of immunity with severe immune dysregulation","volume":"132","author":"Bakhtiar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-017-0434-2","article-title":"Neutropenia in patients with common variable immunodeficiency: a rare event associated with severe outcome","volume":"37","author":"Guffroy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0378-1","article-title":"Defining inflammatory cell states in rheumatoid arthritis joint synovial tissues by integrating single-cell transcriptomics and mass cytometry","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-222605","article-title":"Age-associated b cells contribute to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis by inducing activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes via TNF-alpha-mediated ERK1\/2 and JAK-STAT1 pathways","volume":"81","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-092419-031130","article-title":"Age-associated b cells","volume":"38","author":"Cancro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2016.3304","article-title":"T-bet-Expressing b cells are positively associated with crohn\u2019s disease activity and support Th1 inflammation","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1901340116","article-title":"Excessive CD11c(+)Tbet(+) b cells promote aberrant TFH differentiation and affinity-based germinal center selection in lupus","volume":"116","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.713697","article-title":"CD38 deficiency ameliorates chronic graft-Versus-Host disease murine lupus via a b-Cell-Dependent mechanism","volume":"12","author":"Martinez-Blanco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.07.002","article-title":"T-Bet(+) b cells accumulate in adipose tissue and exacerbate metabolic disorder during obesity","volume":"34","author":"Hagglof","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.92943","article-title":"T-Bet+ b cells are induced by human viral infections and dominate the HIV gp140 response","volume":"2","author":"Knox","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.606338","article-title":"Specific induction of double negative b cells during protective and pathogenic immune responses","volume":"11","author":"Ruschil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102439","article-title":"Gene expression profiling of epithelium-associated FcRL4(+) b cells in primary sjogren\u2019s syndrome reveals a pathogenic signature","volume":"109","author":"Verstappen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108364","article-title":"CD21(low) b cells in systemic sclerosis: A possible marker of vascular complications","volume":"213","author":"Marrapodi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aai8153","article-title":"Low CD21 expression defines a population of recent germinal center graduates primed for plasma cell differentiation","volume":"2","author":"Lau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3175","article-title":"Diversity, cellular origin and autoreactivity of antibody-secreting cell population expansions in acute systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"16","author":"Tipton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.03.020","article-title":"The transcription factor T-bet resolves memory b cell subsets with distinct tissue distributions and antibody specificities in mice and humans","volume":"52","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.10.004","article-title":"Liver is a generative site for the b cell response to ehrlichia muris","volume":"51","author":"Trivedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.04.019","article-title":"FCRL5(+) memory b cells exhibit robust recall responses","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.39800","article-title":"Plasmodium-specific atypical memory b cells are short-lived activated b cells","volume":"7","author":"Perez-Mazliah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.616650","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional characterization of double negative b cells in the blood of individuals with obesity","volume":"12","author":"Frasca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aax0904","article-title":"Overexpression of T-bet in HIV infection is associated with accumulation of b cells outside germinal centers and poor affinity maturation","volume":"11","author":"Austin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4813","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25102-8","article-title":"Altered function and differentiation of age-associated b cells contribute to the female bias in lupus mice","volume":"12","author":"Ricker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0056-8","article-title":"Regulation of age-associated b cells by IRF5 in systemic autoimmunity","volume":"19","author":"Manni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42146","article-title":"IL-13R\u03b11-Mediated signaling regulates age-Associated\/Autoimmune b-cell expansion and lupus pathogenesis","volume":"74","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.01.002","article-title":"Development of tbet- and CD11c-expressing b cells in a viral infection requires T follicular helper cells outside of germinal centers","volume":"55","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28086-1","article-title":"Adenosine receptor 2a agonists target mouse CD11c(+)T-bet(+) b cells in infection and autoimmunity","volume":"13","author":"Levack","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41913","article-title":"Effect of clonally expanded PD-1(high) CXCR5-CD4+ peripheral T helper cells on b cell differentiation in the joints of patients with antinuclear antibody-positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"74","author":"Fischer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.826152","article-title":"Rituximab in systemic lupus erythematosus: Transient effects on autoimmunity associated lymphocyte phenotypes and implications for immunogenicity","volume":"13","author":"Faustini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.41641","article-title":"IFNgamma induces epigenetic programming of human T-bet(hi) b cells and promotes TLR7\/8 and IL-21 induced differentiation","volume":"8","author":"Zumaquero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abh0891","article-title":"The expansion of human T-bet(high)CD21(low) b cells is T cell dependent","volume":"6","author":"Keller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04433-9","article-title":"Age-associated b cells in autoimmune diseases","volume":"79","author":"Mouat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010297","article-title":"Age-associated b cells in viral infection","volume":"18","author":"Mouat","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13068","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms controlling age-associated b cells in autoimmunity","volume":"307","author":"Phalke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900404","article-title":"Functional characterization of CD11c(+) age-associated b cells as memory b cells","volume":"203","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601106","article-title":"Age-associated b cells express a diverse repertoire of V(H) and v\u03ba genes with somatic hypermutation","volume":"198","author":"Russell Knode","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600522","article-title":"Cutting edge: IL-4, IL-21, and IFN-\u03b3 interact to govern T-bet and CD11c expression in TLR-activated b cells","volume":"197","author":"Naradikian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04642-z","article-title":"TLR7 gain-of-function genetic variation causes human lupus","volume":"605","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni941","article-title":"CpG directly induces T-bet expression and inhibits IgG1 and IgE switching in b cells","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201343841","article-title":"T-Bet is a new synergistic meeting point for the BCR and TLR9 signaling cascades","volume":"44","author":"K\u00f6vesdi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01476-6","article-title":"Plasmodium DNA-mediated TLR9 activation of T-bet(+) b cells contributes to autoimmune anaemia during malaria","volume":"8","author":"Rivera-Correa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-00544-4","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signalling in b cells during systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"17","author":"Fillatreau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151724","article-title":"B cell IFN-gamma receptor signaling promotes autoimmune germinal centers via cell-intrinsic induction of BCL-6","volume":"213","author":"Jackson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151722","article-title":"IFN-gamma receptor and STAT1 signaling in b cells are central to spontaneous germinal center formation and autoimmunity","volume":"213","author":"Domeier","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000206","article-title":"CD11c(+) T-bet(+) b cells require IL-21 and IFN-\u03b3 from type 1 T follicular helper cells and intrinsic bcl-6 expression but develop normally in the absence of T-bet","volume":"205","author":"Levack","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00348-3","article-title":"The mTORC1-4E-BP-eIF4E axis controls de novo Bcl6 protein synthesis in T cells and systemic autoimmunity","volume":"8","author":"Yi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13576","article-title":"Atypical phenotype and response of b cells in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"204","author":"Rincon-Arevalo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2022.104533","article-title":"Age-associated b cells indicate disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"377","author":"Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.686273","article-title":"CD27(-)CD38(low)CD21(low) b-cells are increased in axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Wilbrink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.653577","article-title":"Mass cytometry identifies expansion of T-bet(+) b cells and CD206(+) monocytes in early multiple sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Couloume","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.67024","article-title":"Latent gammaherpesvirus exacerbates arthritis through modification of age-associated b cells","volume":"10","author":"Mouat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-01-331462","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-driven accumulation of a novel CD11c(+) b-cell population is important for the development of autoimmunity","volume":"118","author":"Rubtsov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.015","article-title":"B cell-specific XIST complex enforces X-inactivation and restrains atypical b cells","volume":"184","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2021.102686","article-title":"A novel humanized cutaneous lupus erythematosus mouse model mediated by IL-21-induced age-associated b cells","volume":"123","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12055","article-title":"In senescence, age-associated b cells secrete TNF\u03b1 and inhibit survival of b-cell precursors","volume":"12","author":"Ratliff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-021-00222-3","article-title":"Hyper-metabolic b cells in the spleens of old mice make antibodies with autoimmune specificities","volume":"18","author":"Frasca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immun Ageing"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201546248","article-title":"MZ b cells migrate in a T-bet dependent manner and might contribute to the remission of collagen-induced arthritis by the secretion of IL-10","volume":"46","author":"Huber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501209","article-title":"Age-associated b cells: A T-bet-Dependent effector with roles in protective and pathogenic immunity","volume":"195","author":"Rubtsova","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838617","article-title":"Functional TLR9 modulates bone marrow b cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"39","author":"Rudnicka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500055","article-title":"CD11c-expressing b cells are located at the T Cell\/B cell border in spleen and are potent APCs","volume":"195","author":"Rubtsov","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI91250","article-title":"B cells expressing the transcription factor T-bet drive lupus-like autoimmunity","volume":"127","author":"Rubtsova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.1.221","article-title":"Differentiation of b cells in the nonlymphoid tissue of the synovial membrane of patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"93","author":"Schroder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117685","article-title":"The ability of synoviocytes to support terminal differentiation of activated b cells may explain plasma cell accumulation in rheumatoid synovium","volume":"95","author":"Dechanet","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11092","article-title":"Fibroblast-like synoviocytes support b-cell pseudoemperipolesis via a stromal cell-derived factor-1- and CD106 (VCAM-1)-dependent mechanism","volume":"107","author":"Burger","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1611-2","article-title":"Role of CXCL13 and CCL20 in the recruitment of b cells to inflammatory foci in chronic arthritis","volume":"20","author":"Armas-Gonzalez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22137166","article-title":"B cell adhesion to fibroblast-like synoviocytes is up-regulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha via expression of human vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mediated by b cell-activating factor","volume":"22","author":"Yoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646788","article-title":"Interleukin-36 receptor mediates the crosstalk between plasma cells and synovial fibroblasts","volume":"47","author":"Schmitt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202264","article-title":"The novel cytokine interleukin-36\u03b1 is expressed in psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis synovium","volume":"72","author":"Frey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60244-4","article-title":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"377","author":"Prakken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-021-00629-8","article-title":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: from aetiopathogenesis to therapeutic approaches","volume":"19","author":"Zaripova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03168","article-title":"Autoantibodies in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Mahmud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930902832306","article-title":"Do b cells play a role in the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"42","author":"Morbach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759868","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/759868","article-title":"B-cell pathology in juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"2010","author":"Wiegering","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00214","article-title":"B cells as a therapeutic target in paediatric rheumatic disease","volume":"10","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.635815","article-title":"CD21(lo\/-)CD27(-)IgM(-) double-negative b cells accumulate in the joints of patients with antinuclear antibody-positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Dirks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.12.035","article-title":"B cell alterations during BAFF inhibition with belimumab in SLE","volume":"40","author":"Ramsk\u00f6ld","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26202","article-title":"Th1 - CD11c(+) b cell axis associated with response to plasmapheresis in multiple sclerosis","volume":"90","author":"Kimura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13598","article-title":"Characterization of age-associated b cells in early drug-naive rheumatoid arthritis patients","author":"Vidal-Pedrola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00190","article-title":"The development and immunosuppressive functions of CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells are under influence of the adenosine-A2A adenosine receptor pathway","volume":"3","author":"Ohta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601686","article-title":"Cutting edge: Adenosine A2a receptor signals inhibit germinal center T follicular helper cell differentiation during the primary response to vaccination","volume":"198","author":"Schmiel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40796","article-title":"Adenosine 2a receptor signal blockade of murine autoimmune arthritis via inhibition of pathogenic germinal center-follicular helper T cells","volume":"71","author":"Schmiel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500591","article-title":"CD56brightCD16- NK cells produce adenosine through a CD38-mediated pathway and act as regulatory cells inhibiting autologous CD4+ T cell proliferation","volume":"195","author":"Morandi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18040697","article-title":"Role and function of A(2A) and A3 adenosine receptors in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Ravani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R197","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3527","article-title":"A2A and A3 adenosine receptor expression in rheumatoid arthritis: upregulation, inverse correlation with disease activity score and suppression of inflammatory cytokine and metalloproteinase release","volume":"13","author":"Varani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2017.07.006","article-title":"CD11c+ T-bet+ memory b cells: Immune maintenance during chronic infection and inflammation","volume":"321","author":"Winslow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c04871","article-title":"PEGylated gold nanoparticles target age-associated b cells in vivo","volume":"16","author":"Hocevar","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1103307\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T12:21:31Z","timestamp":1675340491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1103307\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"references-count":111,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1103307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1103307","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"article-number":"1103307"}}