{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:59:44Z","timestamp":1762102784996,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ficolin-2 is a serum pattern recognition molecule, involved in complement activation <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> the lectin pathway. This study aimed to investigate the association of ficolin-2 concentration in cord blood serum with complications related to premature birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>546 premature neonates were included. The concentration of ficolin-2 in cord blood serum was determined by a sandwich TRIFMA method. <jats:italic>FCN2<\/jats:italic> genetic variants were analysed with RFLP-PCR, allele-specific PCR, Sanger sequencing or allelic discrimination using TaqMan probes method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cord blood serum ficolin-2 concentration correlated positively with Apgar score and inversely with the length of hospitalisation and stay at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that low ficolin-2 increased the possibility of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) diagnosis [OR=2.05, 95% CI (1.24-3.37), p=0.005]. Median ficolin-2 concentration was significantly lower in neonates with RDS than in premature babies without this complication, irrespective of <jats:italic>FCN2<\/jats:italic> gene polymorphisms localised to promoter and 3\u2019untranslated regions: for patients born &amp;lt;33 GA: 1471 ng\/ml <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 2115 ng\/ml (p=0.0003), and for patients born \u226533 GA 1610 ng\/ml <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 2081 ng\/ml (p=0.012). Ficolin-2 level was also significantly lower in neonates requiring intubation in the delivery room (1461 ng\/ml <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 1938 ng\/ml, p=0.023) and inversely correlated weakly with the duration of respiratory support (R=-0.154, p&amp;lt;0.001). Interestingly, in the neonates born at GA &amp;lt;33, ficolin-2 concentration permitted differentiation of those with\/without RDS [AUC=0.712, 95% CI (0.612-0.817), p&amp;lt;0.001] and effective separation of babies with mild RDS from those with moderate\/severe form of the disease [AUC=0.807, 95% CI (0.644-0.97), p=0.0002].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low cord serum ficolin-2 concentration (especially in neonates born at GA &amp;lt;33 weeks) is associated with a higher risk of developing moderate\/severe RDS, requiring respiratory support and intensive care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1107063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T04:52:25Z","timestamp":1673931145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of low ficolin-2 concentration in cord serum with respiratory distress 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