{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:03:38Z","timestamp":1753891418705,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005888","name":"Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lodzi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["503\/1-168-01\/503-11-001-19-00, 503\/1-107-03\/503-11-001-19-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/1-168-01\/503-11-001-19-00, 503\/1-107-03\/503-11-001-19-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a main component of the lectin pathway of the complement system. Although there are some studies showing links between endocrine and immune systems, the ones concerning hypopituitarism are limited. The aim of this study was to check whether there is any association between blood MBL level and pituitary hormone deficiencies and whether this relationship is affected by appropriate hormone replacement therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and twenty (120) inpatients, aged 18-92, were divided into two main groups, <jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic> control individuals (21\/120) and patients with pituitary diseases (99\/120). The latter were diagnosed either with hypopituitarism (n=42) or with other pituitary diseases (not causing hypopituitarism) (n=57). Additionally, hypopituitary patients on appropriate replacement therapies (compensated hypopituitarism) were compared to patients on inappropriate replacement therapies (non-compensated hypopituitarism). Several parameters in blood serum were measured, including MBL level, pituitary and peripheral hormones and different biochemical parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum MBL level was significantly lower in patients with hypopituitarism comparing to controls (1358.97 \u00b1 244.68 vs. 3199.30 \u00b1 508.46, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.001) and comparing to other pituitary diseases (1358.97 \u00b1 244.68 vs. 2388.12 \u00b1 294.99, <jats:italic>p=<\/jats:italic>0.015) and this association was confirmed by univariate regression analysis. We evaluated the distribution of patients with relation to MBL level; there was a clear difference in this distribution between control individuals (among whom no subjects had MBL level &amp;lt;500 ng\/mL) and patients with hypopituitarism (among whom 43% of patients had MBL level &amp;lt;500 ng\/mL). Moreover, patients with non-compensated hypopituitarism had lower mean and median MBL levels comparing to patients with compensated hypopituitarism (1055.38 \u00b1 245.73 vs. 2300.09 \u00b1 579.93, <jats:italic>p=<\/jats:italic>0.027; 488.51 vs. 1951.89, <jats:italic>p=<\/jats:italic>0.009, respectively) and this association was confirmed in univariate regression analysis. However, mean and median MBL levels in patients with compensated hypopituitarism vs. controls did not differ significantly (2300.09 \u00b1 579.93 vs. 3199.30 \u00b1 508.46, <jats:italic>p=<\/jats:italic>0.294; 1951.90 vs. 2329.16; <jats:italic>p=<\/jats:italic>0.301, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypopituitarism in adults is associated with a decreased blood concentration of mannan-binding lectin, a phenomenon which does not exist in hypopituitary patients on the appropriate hormone replacement therapies. Therefore measurement of mannan-binding lectin level in patients with hypopituitarism may be considered as a parameter contributing to adjust optimal doses of hormone replacement therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1107334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T05:39:40Z","timestamp":1681277980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Decreased mannan-binding lectin level in adults with hypopituitarism; dependence on appropriate hormone replacement therapies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra E.","family":"Matusiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"St\u0119pniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Lewi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Karbownik-Lewi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(03)00155-X","article-title":"The role of mannose-binding lectin in health and disease","volume":"40","author":"Turner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12468","article-title":"A journey through the lectin pathway of complement-MBL and beyond","volume":"274","author":"Garred","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.929483","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae interactions with the complement system","volume":"12","author":"Gil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.587669","article-title":"Low mannose binding lectin, but not l-ficolin, is associated with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis c virus after infection","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2022.105081","article-title":"Association of complement pathways with COVID-19 severity and outcomes","volume":"6","author":"Devalaraja-Narashimha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2010.02.015","article-title":"The production of mannan-binding lectin is dependent upon thyroid hormones regardless of the genotype: a cohort study of 95 patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders","volume":"136","author":"Potlukova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02013","article-title":"Thyroid hormone increases mannan-binding lectin levels","volume":"153","author":"Riis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-019-0484-y","article-title":"High normal TSH is associated with lower mannan-binding lectin in women of childbearing age","volume":"20","author":"Karbownik-Lewinska","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.11.8009","article-title":"GH strongly affects serum concentrations of mannan-binding lectin: evidence for a new IGF-I independent immunomodulatory effect of GH","volume":"86","author":"Hansen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1500355","article-title":"The effects of GH and hormone replacement therapy on serum concentrations of mannan-binding lectin, surfactant protein d and vitamin d binding protein in turner syndrome","volume":"150","author":"Gravholt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03101.x","article-title":"Hormonal regulation of mannan-binding lectin synthesis in hepatocytes","volume":"145","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2118","article-title":"Samuels MH hormonal replacement in hypopituitarism in adults: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"101","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04006-X","article-title":"Association between premature mortality and hypopituitarism. 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