{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T19:00:39Z","timestamp":1788721239415,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>About a quarter of the world\u2019s population with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are the main source of active tuberculosis. Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) cannot effectively control LTBI individuals from developing diseases. Latency-related antigens can induce T lymphocytes of LTBI individuals to produce higher IFN-\u03b3 levels than tuberculosis patients and normal subjects. Herein, we firstly compared the effects of <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> (MTB) <jats:italic>ag85ab<\/jats:italic> and 7 latent DNA vaccines on clearing latent MTB and preventing its activation in the mouse LTBI model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A mouse LTBI model was established, and then immunized respectively with PBS, pVAX1 vector, Vaccae vaccine, <jats:italic>ag85ab<\/jats:italic> DNA and 7 kinds of latent DNAs (including <jats:italic>rv1733c<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>rv2660c<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>rv1813c<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>rv2029c<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>rv2628<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>rv2659c<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>rv3407<\/jats:italic>) for three times. The mice with LTBI were injected with hydroprednisone to activate the latent MTB. Then, the mice were sacrificed for the bacterial count, histopathological examination, and immunological evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using chemotherapy made the MTB latent in the infected mice, and then using hormone treatment reactivated the latent MTB, indicating that the mouse LTBI model was successfully established. After the mouse LTBI model was immunized with the vaccines, the lung colony-forming units (CFUs) and lesion degree of mice in all vaccines group were significantly decreased than those in the PBS group and vector group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.0001, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.05). These vaccines could induce antigen-specific cellular immune responses. The number of IFN-\u03b3 effector T cells spots secreted by spleen lymphocytes in the <jats:italic>ag85ab<\/jats:italic> DNA group was significantly increased than those in the control groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.05). In the splenocyte culture supernatant, IFN-\u03b3 and IL-2 levels in the <jats:italic>ag85ab<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>rv2029c<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>rv2659c<\/jats:italic> DNA groups significantly increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.05), and IL-17A levels in <jats:italic>ag85ab<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>rv2659c<\/jats:italic> DNA groups also significantly increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.05). Compared with the PBS and vector groups, the proportion of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>FOXP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> regulatory T cells in spleen lymphocytes of <jats:italic>ag85ab<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>rv2660c<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>rv2029c<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>rv3407<\/jats:italic> DNA groups were significantly reduced (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>MTB <jats:italic>ag85ab<\/jats:italic> and 7 kinds of latent DNA vaccines showed immune preventive efficacies on a mouse model of LTBI, especially the <jats:italic>rv2659c<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>rv1733c<\/jats:italic> DNA. Our findings will provide candidates for the development of new multi-stage vaccines against TB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1110843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T06:16:40Z","timestamp":1676269000000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Preventive effects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA vaccines on the mouse model with latent tuberculosis infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yourong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumei","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenping","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingchang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bizhen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiguo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqiong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Global tuberculosis report 2022"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-3879(91)90017-M","article-title":"The global tuberculosis situation and the new control strategy of the world health organization","volume":"72","author":"Kochi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.9.1009","article-title":"The growing burden of tuberculosis: global trends and interactions with the HIV epidemic","volume":"163","author":"Corbett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002152","article-title":"The global burden of latent tuberculosis infection: a re-estimation using mathematical modelling","volume":"13","author":"Houben","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2019.1704263","article-title":"Can immunization with bacillus calmette-gu\u00e9rin be improved for prevention or therapy and elimination of chronic","volume":"18","author":"Alvarez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection? 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