{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T21:11:37Z","timestamp":1783717897047,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>While most vaccines aim to develop a solid humoral and neutralizing antibody response against the pathogen, an effective vaccine candidate should be able to stimulate both the B-cell mediated humoral immunity, and T-cell mediated cellular immunity. The focus of vaccinology is rapidly gaining to generate T cell responses, which can mediate pathogen clearance and help B cells leading to protective antibody responses. Here we evaluate the cellular immune response of the pre-clinical tetravalent dengue subunit vaccine candidate, DSV4, in mice. While we have shown previously that DSV4 induces type-specific neutralizing antibody responses in mice, in this study, we show that the vaccine candidate DSV4 well induces dengue-specific T- cell responses evaluated by their ability to produce IFN-\u03b3. In addition to IFN-\u03b3 secretion by both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in immunized mice, we observed that DSV4 also induces a higher frequency and cytokine functions of follicular CD4+ helper T-cells (T<jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub>). These cytokines lead to an efficient germinal center reaction and potent B cell antibody response. Apart from T<jats:sub>FH<\/jats:sub> response, DSV4 stimulated Type 1 T helper cells (T<jats:sub>H1<\/jats:sub>) which is characteristic of a viral infection leading to secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and phagocyte-dependent protective immune responses. Our study highlights that DSV4 can mediate both arms of adaptive immunity-humoral and cell-mediated immunity in mice. By elucidating vaccine-specific T cell response, our work has implications in showing DSV4 as an effective, type-specific and safe dengue vaccine candidate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1128784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T16:53:17Z","timestamp":1678121597000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cellular T-cell immune response profiling by tetravalent dengue subunit vaccine (DSV4) candidate in mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Charu","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viswanathan","family":"Ramasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navin","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12060","article-title":"The global distribution and burden of dengue","volume":"496","author":"Bhatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"FactW\n          Sheet"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Dengue fever","author":"Schaefer","year":"2022"},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"Dengue, healthcare-providers"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30249-9","article-title":"Estimating the dengue burden in India","volume":"7","author":"Wilder-Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6803098","article-title":"Dengue fever: Causes, complications, and vaccine strategies","volume":"2016","author":"Khetarpal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/s1567-1348(03)00004-2","article-title":"Origin TSST. emergence and evolutionary genetics of dengue virus","volume":"3","author":"Holmes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20130414","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2013.0414","article-title":"Interactions between serotypes of dengue highlight epidemiological impact of cross-immunity","volume":"10","author":"Reich","year":"2013","journal-title":"J R Society. 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