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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk of progression to tuberculosis disease is highest within the first year after <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection (TBI). We hypothesize that people with newly acquired TBI have a unique cytokine\/chemokine profile that could be used as a potential biomarker.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated socio-demographic variables and 18 cytokines\/chemokines in plasma samples from a cohort of people deprived of liberty (PDL) in two Colombian prisons: 47 people diagnosed with pulmonary TB, 24 with new TBI, and 47 non-infected individuals. We performed a multinomial regression to identify the immune parameters that differentiate the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The concentration of immune parameters changed over time and was affected by the time of incarceration. The concentration of sCD14, IL-18 and IP-10 differed between individuals with new TBI and short and long times of incarceration. Among people with short incarceration, high concentrations of MIP-3\u03b1 were associated with a higher risk of a new TBI, and higher concentrations of Eotaxin were associated with a lower risk of a new TBI. Higher concentrations of sCD14 and TNF-\u03b1 were associated with a higher risk of TB disease, and higher concentrations of IL-18 and MCP-1 were associated with a lower risk of TB disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were cytokines\/chemokines associated with new TBI and TB disease. However, the concentration of immune mediators varies by the time of incarceration among people with new TBI. Further studies should evaluate the changes of these and other cytokines\/chemokines over time to understand the immune mechanisms across the spectrum of TB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1129398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T05:27:02Z","timestamp":1684214822000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cytokine\/chemokine profiles in people with recent infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mariana","family":"Herrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Keynan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucelly","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1zaro","family":"V\u00e9lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"McLaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zulma Vanessa","family":"Rueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2017.01.015","article-title":"Tuberculosis elimination and the challenge of latent tuberculosis","volume":"46","author":"Matteelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Presse M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00655-2019","article-title":"The global prevalence of latent tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-22","article-title":"Latent tuberculosis infection in a Malaysian prison: implications for a comprehensive integrated control program in prisons","volume":"14","author":"Al-Darraji","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l5770","article-title":"Is mycobacterium tuberculosis infection life long","volume":"367","author":"Behr","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2236","article-title":"The spectrum of latent tuberculosis: rethinking the biology and intervention strategies","volume":"7","author":"3rd","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800993","article-title":"The end of the binary era: revisiting the spectrum of tuberculosis","volume":"201","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol Baltim Md 1950"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4186","article-title":"A broader spectrum of tuberculosis","volume":"22","author":"Schnappinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00217.2021","article-title":"Latent tuberculosis testing through the ages: the search for a sleeping killer","volume":"322","author":"Kestler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Physiol - 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